Week 7 Check Your Understanding

Prosthetic joint infection is most often because of

hematogenous transfer

A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is

 

positive antinuclear antibodies

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is

bone pain

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)

osteosarcoma

Enteropathic arthritis is associated with

inflammatory bowel disease

Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by

inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints

The person at highest risk of a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age

8

The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is

rickets

It is true that scleroderma involves

inflammation and fibrosis of connective tissue

Gouty arthritis is a complication of

inadequate renal excretion of uric acid

A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as

comminuted

The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are

degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium

A patient diagnosed with diabetes, smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for

delayed healing

What type of fracture generally occurs in children?

Greenstick

The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves

immune cells accumulating in pannus and destroying articular cartilage

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease attributed to

autoimmune mechanisms

Paget’s disease is characterized by

excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone

A patient presenting with a severe, pounding headache accompanied by nausea and photophobia is likely experiencing a ________ headache

migraine

Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of

immune injury to basement membranes

Pain in fibromyalgia involves

changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord

Modulation of pain signals is thought to be mediated by the release of

endorphins

Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include

acute hypertension

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

noncontractile tissue injury

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity

Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include

left-sided muscle weakness and neglect

A severe complication of elevated intracranial pressure is

brain herniation

________ occurs when a brainstem impaired patient exhibits a persistent rhythmic or jerky movement in one or both eyes.

Nystagmus

The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will

decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord

The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is

cerebral vasodilation

A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.

3

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with

meningitis

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed

generalized

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they

increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia

The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived

threshold

Intracranial pressure normally ranges from ______ mm Hg.

0 to 15

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are

genetically transmitted

A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Ankylosing spondylitis causes

intervertebral joint fusion

To avoid the progression of cutaneous lesions, a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) should

avoid sun exposure

Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called

bursitis

Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency?

Osteomalacia

A bone disorder that results from insufficient vitamin D is referred to as

osteomalacia

Pain that waxes and wanes and is exacerbated by physical exertion is likely related to

fibromyalgia syndrome

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)

osteosarcoma

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is

bone pain

“Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me,” says another nurse. “Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?” Your best response is

“No; cells in bone, cartilage, and the synovial membrane all get activated and secrete inflammatory mediators that destroy cartilage and damage bone.”

A patient diagnosed with diabetes, smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for

delayed healing

Although skin manifestations may occur in numerous locations, the classic presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) includes

a butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose

Prosthetic joint infection is most often because of

hematogenous transfer

The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as

Paget disease

Paget’s disease is characterized by

excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone

A risk factor for osteoporosis is

early menopause

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage

myasthenia gravis

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be

an autoimmune process

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is

polyarthritis

The most common site affected in Paget’s disease is the

lower spine

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis would be

systemic manifestations of inflammation

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?

The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years

Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?

Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response

A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of

vitamin D

A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness of the hands may be demonstrating signs of

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of

Parkinson disease

It is true that encephalitis is usually

because of a viral infection in brain cells

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they

increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

Absence

The first indication of brain compression from increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) may be

sluggish pupil response to light

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

hypertension and bradycardia

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when

the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone

Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to

sympathetic nervous system activation

_________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord.

Meningocele

It is true that Bell palsy is a

paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve

Secondary injury after head trauma refers to

brain injury resulting from the body’s response to tissue damage

An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be

hypoventilation

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

noncontractile tissue injury

he initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on

maintaining an airway