families and households key terms

norms

expected behaviours in different contexts

values

refers to what is considered worthwhile and worth working towards in society

ethnocentrism

the belief that our own culture is the norm and therefore superior

nurture/learned behaviour

behaviour learned from our upbringing in society

culture

the way of life of a social group which generally involves the learning and sharing of particular values, norms, beliefs, customs, language, history and knowledge.

subcultures

values and norms distinct from those of the majority and are held by a group within a wider society

social control

processes where society seeks to ensure conformity

sanctions

mechanisms of social control

socialisation

the process through which individuals learn the norms and values of society leading to social cohesion

primary socialisation

the period early in a person's life during which they initially learn and build themselves through experiences and interactions around them

secondary socialisation

when a child learns the values, beliefs and attitudes of their culture through those outside of the family

status

the rank or position that a person holds

role

the position or purpose that someone or something has

theory

a set of ideas which explains the patterns of human behaviour in that society

alienation

when people feel tied to their jobs and just live to work

means of production

the tools/equipment needed to produce products

bourgeoisie

the ruling class,those with money or power

proletariat

the subject class, those working to produce the goods and products

exploitation

where one group takes advantage of the other

superstructure

aspects of society such as family,political and legal systems

class conflict

the inherent struggle in society between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats

capitalism

an economic system based on the principles of business

false class consciousness

the proletariats don’t recognise that they are being exploited by the bourgeoisie

ideology

the way in which people are told what to think by those in power

infrastructure

the economic base , everything to do with production

ethnocentrism

the belief that our own culture is the norm and therefore superior

nurture/learned behaviour

behaviour learned from our upbringing in society

culture

the way of life of a social group which generally involves the learning and sharing of particular values, norms, beliefs, customs, language, history and knowledge.

subcultures

values and norms distinct from those of the majority and are held by a group within a wider society

social control

processes where society seeks to ensure conformity

sanctions

mechanisms of social control

socialisation

the process through which individuals learn the norms and values of society leading to social cohesion

primary socialisation

the period early in a person's life during which they initially learn and build themselves through experiences and interactions around them

secondary socialisation

when a child learns the values, beliefs and attitudes of their culture through those outside of the family

status

the rank or position that a person holds

role

the position or purpose that someone or something has

theory

a set of ideas which explains the patterns of human behaviour in that society

alienation

when people feel tied to their jobs and just live to work

means of production

the tools/equipment needed to produce products

bourgeoisie

the ruling class,those with money or power

proletariat

the subject class, those working to produce the goods and products

exploitation

where one group takes advantage of the other

superstructure

aspects of society such as family,political and legal systems

class conflict

the inherent struggle in society between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats

capitalism

an economic system based on the principles of business

false class consciousness

the proletariats don’t recognise that they are being exploited by the bourgeoisie

ideology

the way in which people are told what to think by those in power

infrastructure

the economic base , everything to do with production

universal nuclear family (Murdock)

a family unit consisting of an adult male and female as well as dependent children, can be found everywhere according to Murdock

functional fit theory (Parsons)

family structure and functions will always fit the needs of the society it is in, so functional prerequisites are met

geographically mobile workforce

when people are able to move around towards where there is a demand/ absence of labour to find work

socially mobile workforce

a skilled ,competent workforce that is mobile

irreducible functions

essential functions that can only be carried out by the family

primary socialisation

where children are conditioned into society’s norms and values so they know how to behave

stabilisation of adult personalities

‘warm bath theory’, woman provides emotional support in her ‘expressive’ role to help the male relax

warm bath theory

where a working man can return home after work and be distressed by his wife

instrumental leader

a leader which has the role of completing a job/tasks

expressive role

the females function in society, a passive nurturer

kin

relations based on blood and marriage

patriarchal family

male headed family

matriarchal family

female headed family

matrifocal family

living near the female’s home

monogamy

having a relationship with one person

serial monogamy

a cycle of monogamous relationships, moving from one to the next without overlaps

polygamy

marrying more than one partner

polygyny

marrying more than one woman

polyandry

marrying more than one man

matrilineal

property passed through the mothers side

patrilineal

property passed through the fathers side

nuclear family

family based on two adults of opposite sex and 1.8 children

single parents

lone parent family

extended family

contains more than two generations of family

reconstituted family

sttep families

conventional family

nuclear family,male breadwinner and female housewife

neo-conventional family

nuclear family , dual workers

underclass

A group at the bottom of the social class system made up of criminals, ASBOs ,unmarried mothers and idle young men responsible for the rising crime rate

welfare dependency

People who rely on handouts to survive because they know they can

family

a group of people related by kinship ties: blood,marriage,adoption and cohabitation

household

one person or a group of people living at the same address

inheritance of property

controlling wealth so power kis kept within the correct circle the family

primitive communism

a society with no private property,members of society own the means of production and society was classless

promiscuous hordes

no restrictions on sexual relationships

monogamous nuclear family

being married and faithful to one person because of the private ownership of property

ideological functions

a set of ideas or beliefs that justify inequality and in doing so maintain the capitalist system by persuading people to accept it as fair and unchangeable

safe haven

a place that the family provides for workers to be themselves away from the harsh exploitative world of capitalism

unit of consumption

families buy the latest products for their children and in turn play into consumerism

pester power

when children try and persuade there parents to buy them the latest products

patriarchy

a male dominated society

separatism

the theory that feminists opposition to patriarchy can be achieved through women’s separation from men

political lesbianism

encourages feminists to refrain from sexual contact with men and says they can become lesbians if they choose this

domestic division of labour

the roles that men and women play in relation to housework,childcre and paid work

segregated conjugal roles

where the couple have separate roles e.g parsons instrumental and expressive roles

joint conjugal roles

where the couple share tasks such as housework and childcare and spend their leisure time together

symmetrical family

roles between husband and wives although not identical are much similar

march of progress view

family life is gradually improving

geographical mobility

couples are living away from the communities that they grew up in

a feminist view of housework

argue that little has changed and men and women remain unequal in the family

the extra load

the extra load that women are carrying around of things to do

new man

a man who takes on a more equal share of work in the household

background fathers

fathers who don’t take on the primary caregiver role