Lecture 8: Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, including definitions of diabetes, insulin, and other associated conditions.

Diabetes

A metabolic disorder when the pancreas can't make insulin or the body can't effectively use insulin.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that allows glucose to enter cells and be used for energy.

Type 1 Diabetes

A form of diabetes with rapid onset of symptoms requiring insulin therapy to sustain life.

Type 2 Diabetes

A type of diabetes that accounts for at least 90% of cases and is characterized by insulin resistance.

Insulin Resistance

A condition where cells stop responding to insulin, leading to increased blood sugar levels.

Glycemic Index (GI)

A value assigned to foods based on how quickly they cause increases in blood glucose levels.

Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes

Includes fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and A1C test to determine diabetes or prediabetes.

Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance

Includes obesity, high sugar diet, physical inactivity, inflammation, poor sleep, and genetics.

Complications of Diabetes

Includes kidney disease, increased risk of heart disease, nerve damage, and a weakened immune system.

Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

Includes medications like Metformin, insulin, healthy eating, and exercise.