Lecture 1-12, Quiz 1

Archea

Similar to Bacteria, but still distinct. Prokaryotes. Has some “extremophiles.”

Covalent

Bonds that are created through shared valence electrons between two atoms.

Ionic

Bonds that are created through the donation of an electron from one atom that is negatively charged to another that is positively charged.

Hydrophobic Interactions

Hydrophobic interactions happen in aqueous environments as they tend to interact with one another.

Van der Waals (VDW)

Weak magnetic forces that occur due to close proximity.

Hydrogen

These bonds happen due to the slightly positive or negative charge of polar molecules.

What are qualities of building blocks of proteins?

A central carbon with an R group, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl group, hydrogen, and side chain.

What are qualities of building blocks of carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

What are qualities of building blocks of nucleotides?

5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group.

What is a side chain?

A side chain is basically the “R” group. R is a placeholder for amino acids. It connects to the Carbon that is to the “right” of the molecule via condensation.

What are some qualities of pepsin?

An enzyme that needs an acidic environment (like stomach) to break things down. Needs to be in the presence of HCl. Breaks stuff down (hydrolysis, meaning uses water).

How to identify the effects of an enzyme on a system? (like equilibrium, energy change etc)