D658 Section 1

Academic Standards

Outline what students should learn and achieve at each grade level across various subjects

State Standards

Established by individual states, define the knowledge and skills students need at each grade level across various subjects

National Standards

A cohesive set of educational guidelines that outline what students across the entire country should know and be able to achieve in various subject areas

Objectives

Specific goals that outline desired outcomes for student learning and performance within a given timeframe.

Scope and Sequence

Charts the progression of standards, specifying instruction order and timing

Spiraling Curriculum

Reintroduces topics with increasing complexity at different grade levels

Condition

The specific circumstances under which the assessment takes places or learning occurs, including any necessary tools or resources

Behavior

The action or skill students are expected to demonstrate to produce observable and measurable outcomes

Measurable Criterion

Establishes the benchmarks for success, clearly defining how students achievements will be evaluated and what mastery level is

Direct Instruction

A structed, teacher-led approach to teaching focused on clear instructions and learning expectations

Indirect Instruction

A learner-centered approach emphasizing higher levels of learner involvement, such as problem-solving, case studies, and critical thinking

Discovery/Experiential Learning

Learning strategies involving students in active engagement through real-world experiences, exploration and reflection

Role Play

Students step into the shoes of others, acting out scenarios that require them to navigate through problems and perspectives that are not their own

Simulations

Recreating complex real-world processes in a classroom setting, allowing students to interact with the material being covered in a direct and hands-on manner

Independent Study

Allows learners to progress at their own pace and pursue interests, often requiring self-motivation and discipline

Cooperative Learning

A strategy that organizes classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences, with students working in groups to complete tasks

Heterogenous Group

A group composed of a variety of ability levels

Homogenous group

A group composed of one ability level

Flexible Grouping

A teaching strategy that allows educators to personalize instruction to meet the unique needs of students

Behaviorism

A Theory of learning focused on observable behaviors and the ways they are learned through interaction with the environment

Cognitivism

Focuses on the inner mental activities of the mind and understanding how people think, understand, and remember information

Constructivism

Suggests learners construct knowledge through their experiences rather than absorbing information from a teacher

Connectivism

A learning theory for the digital age, emphasizing the role of social and technological networks in the learning process

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Vygotsky’s concept describing the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner

Scaffolding

A method that enables a student to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal through the provision of tailored support by an instructor