WHA Final Exam--Exploration v25

Which phrase best completes the chart showing causes of European exploration?

desire for direct access to the valuable Asian spice trade

Which statement is true about Portuguese exploration?

The Portuguese found a trade route through the Indian Ocean to Asia.

Which event can be inferred from the map?

Vasco da Gama made an expedition to the west coast of India.

The Treaty of Tordesillas…

Was the Pope’s attempt to prevent war by dividing the New World
between Portugal and Spain 

At the top of Spanish colonial society were the

peninsulares

The conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire was

Francisco Pizarro.

Who led the expedition referenced in the text?

On September 8, 1522, nearly three years after setting out, the survivors—one ship and 18 sailors—reached Spain. The survivors had been the first people to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world. Antonio Pigafetta, one of the few survivors of the expedition, observed: “I believe of a certainty that no one will ever again make such a voyage.”

Ferdinand Magellan

How did conquest of the Americas affect Spain?

Wealth from the American colonies made Spain Europe’s greatest power.

What three countries joined the colonization of the New World in the 1500s and 1600s, after Portugal and Spain began to weaken?

France, England, the Netherlands

How does this image best show a result of the Columbian Exchange?

It shows horses brought to the Americas from Europe being adapted by Native Americans.

Which foods were first introduced to the Americas by Europeans through the Columbian Exchange?

wheat and grapes

What can be inferred about the slave trade in Africa?

The Europeans had more footholds on coastal Africa than the inland areas.

What specific raw materials were exchanged from the Americas to Europe? 

cotton, rum, tobacco, sugar

What did Europeans consider to be the most important item of African trade during the 1500s and 1600s?

enslaved persons

Which phrase best explains the scene depicted in this image?

decks of slave ships with African captives

“The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board.”

The speaker, who was seized from a Nigerian village at the age of 11 by slave traders, is

Olaudah Equiano.

Using the text and your knowledge of history, what can you infer about working conditions for slaves on sugar plantations? 

The slaves were worked to death which resulted in a need for more slaves. 

According to the policy of mercantilism, what is the role of colonies?

acquired as sources of raw materials and markets willing to buy products.

Based on the text’s focus and selected images like this one, which of the following best describes the primary economic relationship discussed between European maritime trade and mercantilism/capitalism?

Maritime trade served as a catalyst, providing the wealth, resources, and interconnected markets necessary for both mercantilism and capitalism to emerge and grow. 

A major result of the Age of Exploration was

The beginning of a period of European global domination and globalization