Med Terms - Chapter 8 - Female Reproductive System

graafian follicles

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly

fimbriae

finger-like projection at the free end of the fallopian tube

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

myometrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

perimetrium

outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction (aka uterine serosa)

corpus

large central portion of the uterus

fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus

cervix (Cx)

narrow lower portion of the uterus

hymen

fold of membrane near opening of vagina

vulva

external genitals of the female, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, and vaginal opening

perineum

pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus.

Bartholin glands

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina, just above the vaginal opening (aka greater vestibular glands)

mammary glands

milk-producing glands; each breast consists of 15 to 20 divisions or lobules

mammary papilla

breast nipple

areola

pigmented area around breast nipple

cervic/o

cervix

colp/o

vagina

endometri/o

endometrium

episi/o

vulva

gynec/o

woman, female reproductive organs

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o

uterus

mamm/o

breast

mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation

metr/o

uterus

oophor/o

ovary

pelv/i

pelvis, pelvic cavity

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

fallopian/uterine tube

trachel/o

cervix

vulv/o

vulva

py/o

pus

peri-

surrounding, outer

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-cleisis

surgical closure

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal

-ic

pertaining to

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing

-salpinx

fallopian/uterine tube

-tomy

cut into, incision

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

cervicitis

inflamm of cervix

dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

endometriosis

abnormal condition of the endometrium (endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, fallopian tubes, intestines, and uterus)

endometritis

inflamm of endometrium

hematosalpinx

blood in the fallopian tube

hydrosalpinx

water in fallopian tube (a clear, watery fluid collects in the tube, and can cause blockage)

mastitis

inflamm of breast

menometrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation (and between menstrual cycles; heavy and irregular bleeding)

menorrhagia

excessive bleeding at menstruation (heavy bleeding in regular, cyclical pattern)

metrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus (irregular, out-of-cycle bleeding ranging from heavy to light, including spotting)

myometritis

inflamm of the uterine muscle

oligomennorhea

scanty/infrequent menstrual flow

oophoritis

inflamm of ovary

perimetritis

inflamm surrounding uterus (perimetrium)

pyosalpinx

pus in fallopian tube

salpingitis

inflamm of fallopian tube

salpingocele

hernia of fallopian tube

vaginitis

inflamm of vagina

vaginosis

abnormal condition of vagina (caused by bacterial imbalance)

vulvovaginitis

inflamm of vulva and vagina

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy; menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia are some types of AUB

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina; usually causes a tender, swollen lump on the affected side, which may become infected, resulting in a Bartholin abscess

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

endometrial cancer

malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer)

fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)

thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts; thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes (also called fibrocystic breasts; formerly called fibrocystic breast disease)

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens. If untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina, involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. An ascending infection may result in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

condition typically characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts; symptoms can include irregular menstruation, acne, excess facial and body hair, and infertility. People with this condition have increased risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and glucose intolerance.

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring up to 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache.

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

uterine fibroid

benign tumor of uterine muscle (aka myoma of uterus or leiomyoma)

uterovaginal prolapse

dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles; the uterus moves downward into and is sometimes visible outside the vagina

vaginal fistula

abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ, such as the urinary bladder, colon, or rectum

colpocleisis

surgical closure of vagina

colpoperineorraphy

suturing of vagina and the perineum (to mend perineal vaginal tears)

coloplasty

surgical repair of vagina

colporrhaphy

suturing of vagina (wall of vagina)

episiorraphy

suturing of a tear in the vulva

hymenotomy

incision into hymen

hysterectomy

excision of uterus

hysteropexy

surgical fixation of uterus

mammoplasty

surgical repair of breast (performed to enlarge or reduce in size, and to reconstruct after tumor removal)

mastectomy

excision of the breast

mastopexy

surgical fixation of the breast (performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry)

oophorectomy

excision of ovary

perineorrhaphy

suturing of a tear in the perineum

salpingectomy

excision of the fallopian tube

salpingo-oophorectomy

excision of fallopian tube and ovary

salpingostomy

creation of an artificial opening in the fallopian tube (performed to restore patency)

trachelectomy

excision of cervic (aka cervicectomy)