Arterial Ulcers vs. Venous Ulcers & Exemplar Hypertension Flash Cards

What is hypertension defined as?

Persistent systolic BP of 140 mm Hg or more, diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or more, or current use of antihypertensive medication.

What is prehypertension?

Systolic BP of 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP of 80 to 89 mm Hg.

What contributes to hypertensive crisis?

Secondary hypertension with a specific cause.

At what BP is a hypertensive crisis identified?

Systolic BP greater than 180 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP greater than 120 mm Hg.

List three risk factors for hypertension.

Age, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.

What lifestyle is particularly related to hypertension risk?

Sedentary lifestyle.

Why is family history a significant risk factor for hypertension?

History of a close blood relative with hypertension increases risk.

What is a common symptom of severe hypertension?

Fatigue, dizziness, or palpitations.

What lab tests are conducted for hypertension assessment?

BUN, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, and ECG.

What is the first line medication for primary hypertension?

Furosemide (a loop diuretic).

What dietary advice is given to reduce hypertension?

Limit dietary sodium intake to less than 2300 mg/day.

What does the DASH diet emphasize?

Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy.

What type of ulcers are associated with arterial insufficiency?

Arterial ulcers are usually found on the tips of toes or feet.

Describe the appearance of a venous ulcer.

Irregularly shaped with moderate to large amounts of drainage.

What is the primary goal of collaborative care for PAD?

Achieve adequate tissue perfusion.

What can result from untreated venous insufficiency?

Wounds may reopen in the same location, leading to chronic conditions.

What major complication can arise from PAD?

Gangrene or non-healing arterial ulcers.

What nursing diagnosis is prioritized for a patient with PAD?

Ineffective tissue perfusion.

What lifestyle modification can help control hypertension?

Increased physical activity. A balanced diet low in sodium and saturated fats.

When advising patients with hypertension, which meat should they restrict?

Roasted duck due to its high fat content.

What effect does smoking have on blood pressure?

Causes vasoconstriction and elevates BP.

What should patients with PAD be educated about regarding foot care?

Daily foot checks for cuts or sores.

What is the appearance of an arterial ulcer?

Rounded, smooth, with a 'punched out' look.

What happens to skin as a result of venous insufficiency?

Skin becomes thick, hardened, and develops a 'leathery' appearance.

What is the role of compression therapy in venous ulcers?

Improves venous return and circulation.

What is the expected outcome of drug therapy for hypertension?

Achieve and maintain goal BP.

What physical activity is recommended for hypertensive clients?

Moderate-intensity aerobic activity for at least 150 minutes per week.

Where are venous ulcers typically located?

Near the medial malleolus.

What happens to a patient's risk for hypertension if they have multiple risk factors?

The risk significantly increases.

How does hypertension affect the kidneys?

Can lead to renal insufficiency or failure.

What are common foods that are high in sodium according to the AHA?

Processed foods, canned soups, and deli meats.

What is the relationship between hypertension and stroke?

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke.