SI Midterm Review - DeRosa

excretion

the removal of cellular metabolic waste

metabolism

all chemical processes (life functions) of an organism

homeostasis

the maintenance of a stable internal internal environment

the failure of homeostasis leads to what?

illness

what is the dependent variable?

what you are measuring/data being collected

what is the independent variable?

what you do to the test subject, X

what is the purpose of staining a specimen when using a microscope?

to see the specimen better

what is an organic compound?

a compound with both carbon and hydrogen

what are 3 example of organic compounds?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

what is an inorganic compound?

compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen but may contain aeither

what are 3 examples of an inorganic compound?

water, salt and carbon dioxide

what the building blocks of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides/glucose

what do our bodies use lipids for?

a stored store of energy

which organic molecule contains the most stored energy?

lipids, they have the most bonds

what are the building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

why is the shape of the protein important?

it determines the function of the protien

what is the lock and key model of enzyme specificity?

the shape of the active site is only specific to one enzyme

describe the relationship between temperature and enzyme action:

as temp increases the enzyme reaches optimum temp and then denatures

the function of the mitochondria

synthesis of energy

the function of the cell membrane is

to maintain homeostasis

the function of the ribosomes

protein and enzyme synthesis

the function of the cell wall

protects and supports the cell, made of cellulose

2 organisms only found in plant cells

chloroplasts and cell wall

what is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide + water → carbohydrates and oxygen

what is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

to absorb sunlight

where does oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and exit the leaf?

stoma / guard cell

function of the guard cell

regulate the stoma for gas exchange

what is the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

oxygen + carbohydrates → carbon + hydrogen + 36 ATP

why does aerobic respiration produce more ATP than anaerobic?

more bonds are broken

when does lactic acid fermentation occur in humans?

Skeletal muscles, due to lack of oxegyn

where is bile stored?

gallbladder

this organ is where digestion of all food occurs

small intestine

bile is produced in this organ:

liver

this organ absorbs water:

large intestine

this organs function is to emulsify fats:

small intestine (by bile)

this organ absorbs digestive end products:

small intestine (by villi)

function of villi:

increase surface area

where are gallstone found?

gallbladder

what are gallstones?

hardened cholesterol deposits that block the bile duct

function of bile

emulsify fats

what is peristalsis?

muscular contractions that moves food to the stomach

where is peristalsis found?

esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine

describe the structure of the arteries:

thick-walled

describe the function of the arteries:

carry blood away from heart

describe the structure of capillaries:

1-cell thick

describe the function of capillaries:

exchange of materials between the blood and body tissue

describe the function of platelets:

clot and stop blood flow

function of red blood cells

carry oxygen by hemoglobin

function of white blood cells:

to prevent sickness / infection

describe the pathway of blood flow in pulmonary circulation:

to & from lungs

describe leukemia:

too many blood cells that don’t work, from bone marrow

how does AIDS affect the body?

it weakens the immune system

what is when your body reacts to something that isn’t harmful?

allergies

what is the function of the human respiratory system?

exchange of oxygen

what part of the brain controls breathing?

medulla

why do we breathe more quickly when we exercise?

increased carbon dioxide in the blood

pathway of air into body:

trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli