Chemical Substances, Electrolytes, and Fluid Dynamics

These flashcards cover key concepts related to chemical substances, fluid dynamics, and electrolyte management in the body, as discussed in the lecture.

Crystalloid

Substances that dissolve easily in a liquid, such as sugar and salt.

Colloid

Substances that do not dissolve easily in a liquid, such as proteins like albumin.

Electrolytes

Substances that carry a positive or negative charge and are essential for various bodily functions.

Osmosis

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Isotonic solution

A solution with equal concentration of solute and solvent, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of cells.

Hypotonic solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solute outside the cell than inside, causing cells to swell as water moves in.

Hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside, causing cells to shrink as water moves out.

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Fluid volume deficit

A condition where there is a decrease in the body's fluid volume, often assessed with symptoms like dehydration.

Fluid volume excess

A condition where there is an increase in the body's fluid volume, leading to symptoms such as edema and swelling.

Hyponatremia

A condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood (less than 135 mEq/L).

Hypernatremia

A condition characterized by high sodium levels in the blood (greater than 145 mEq/L).

Hypokalemia

A condition of low potassium levels in the blood (less than 3.5 mEq/L).

Hyperkalemia

A condition of high potassium levels in the blood (greater than 5.0 mEq/L).

Hypocalcemia

A condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood (less than 9.0 mg/dL).

Hypercalcemia

A condition characterized by high calcium levels in the blood (greater than 10.5 mg/dL).

Magnesium

An essential mineral important for muscle and nerve function, as well as bone health.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys.

Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy

The administration of fluids directly into a patient's bloodstream to address hydration, electrolyte balance, or medication delivery.

Daily weight monitoring

A method used to assess a patient's fluid volume status by tracking fluctuations in body weight.

Seizure precautions

Safety measures taken to prevent injury during a seizure episode, including padding bedrails and having suction available.