chapter 9: intro -> section 2 - CHURCH HISTORY (methvin)

what do jewish people call the holocaust?

shoah

what was the purpose of catholic relief services?

to rebuild europe

who called Vatican II?

pope john XXIII

(but he died shortly after)

who was pope john XXIII's successor? what did he do?

- pope paul VI

- continued to carry out Vatican II

what did the world find itself in after vatican II?

a sexual revolution which had major consequences in the world and morality

what happened as a result of this "sexual revolution"?

- increase in disregard for the institution of marriage

- rise in sexual and social sins

- rise in contraception

what did paul VI write?

humanae vitae

(on the regulation of birth)

what did humanae vitae address?

contraception and promiscuity

what types of challenges did the Church face following Vatican II?

- how to implement Vatican II teachings

- lay involvement

- improve catechesis

- evangelization

- relationship w/ eastern church

why did the Catholic Church and Church of England meet to discuss the validity of the Anglican Priesthood?

it was an effort to bring reconciliation between the 2 churches

what did pope leo XIII declare the Anglican priesthood to be? what was this due to?

- "null and void"

- due to its difference uin form and intention

(unlike the sacrificing nature of the Catholic priesthood)

who did pope leo XIII desire to restore relations with?

the french government

even though pope leo XIII desire to restore relations with france, what did they continue to do?

pursue anti-catholic approaches

what did the chamber of deputies of the french government enact a law to do in 1905?

separate the state from the church

(catholicism was no longer the religion of the country)

by france creating the separation of church and state law, what did it bring forth?

- means of civil marriage required

- allowed work on sunday

- abolished public prayer

- forbade military from participating in Church processions

what did the government adopt after mexico gained independence from spain in 1810?

a constitution that persecuted the Catholic Church

what happened to many Catholics in mexico during the 1920s?

they were imprisoned and killed

what rules were put on nuns and priests during the time of persecution in mexico?

they weren't allowed to wear external signs of their dedication to God

what could people be imprisoned for saying in mexico during persecution? why?

- "adios"

- it's literal translation means "to God"

catholics who rose up in opposition to the government

cristeros

what was the cry of the cristeros?

"long live Christ our King! long live Our Lady of Guadalupe"

("vivo christo rey")

whho was miguel pro?

a priest and christero who died by firing squad b/c of his representation of his faith --> his last words were "vivo christo rey"

when did wwI start? what began the start of it?

- 1914

- the assassination of austrian archduke ferdinand

what did people at the time call wwI?

the world war or great war

what were the 2 sides in WWI? what countries made up these sides?

- CENTRAL POWERS: germany + austria-hungary

- ENTENT: britain, france, + russia

what side did the US join when they entered WWI in 1917?

the entent

who did WWI lead way to rise to power?

hitler

what were a lot of WWI's issues about?

borders

why did other countries who didn't have bordering states in europe eventually join WWI?

because they knew that the issues would eventually start to affect them

what was pope benedict XV's 7 point peace plan meant to do?

peacefully resolve the conflict of WWI

what were the 7 parts to pope benedict XV's 7 point peace plan?

1. freedom of the seas

2. the limitation of weaponry

3. formation of an international tribunal

4. a peaceful accord between the territories of belgium, britain, france, and germany

5. specific economic regulation

6. reolutions to the boundary disputes between france and germany as well as austria and italy

7. a resolution of disputes between poland

what was pope benedict XV's nickname?

the pope of peace

who used pope benedict XV's 7 point peace plan in their own 14 point peace plan?

woodrow wilson

(president of the US during WWI)

not only did pope benedict XV want to end WWI, but what else did he want to do regarding it?

limit its consequences

what did pope benedict XV want his pontificate to be at?

the service of reconciliation and harmony between all people

what did pope benedict XV say the name "benedict" called to mind?

the "patriarch of the western monasticism"

what did pope benedict XV want to encourage us all to do?

to keep Christ first in all things

how many died as a result of WWI? how many injured?

died: 8.5 million

injured: 20 million

what grave disaster hit the world after WWI had ended?

the spanish flu

(killing 25 million)

what was happening in 1917, resulting in a marxist state?

the russian revolution

what did the roaring 20s lead to?

the great depression

what happened to Christians during the russian revolution? what about priests and bishops?

- they were persecuted

- they disappeared

what ended WWI?

the treaty of versailles

what did the treay of versailles spur? why?

- the hate hitler spread

- b/c germany and the other countries had to take fault for the war

what type of government spread following WWI?

fascist

what did pope pius XI establish with mussolini?

a treaty securing right for the Church

why did pope pius XI harshly condemn mussolini?

because he attempted to disband Catholic organizations

what did pope pius XI write in german? what did it do?

- his encyclical: mit brennender sorge

- condemned nazi crimes

why did pope pius XI write his encyclical, mit brennender sorge, in german?

so german priests could read and spread it to Germany and know that the Church was condemning communism

how did pope pius XI view communism?

as a threat to universal peace

what were 9 challenges to the Church in the 20th century?

- atheism

- nuclear arms race

- sexual revolution

- how to implement vatican II teachings

- role of sacred scripture in church

- how to involve laity in life of the church

- how to improve catechesis

- how to improve evangelization

- how to relate to eastern churches

humanitarian relief organization established by US popes, originally meant to replenish the war-torn europe and house its refugees, but now focuses on the poor oversees, using the Gospel as its guiding mandate

catholic relief services

chemical/object specifically used to ward off the possibility of pregnancy

contraception

governmental system typified by authoritarianism and dictatorship, in which individual rights are suppressed by the will of those in power

fascism

attempt y the nazis to obliterate the presence of the jewish people and other non-jew civilians from areas under nazi control --> 6 million killed

(1933-1945)

holocaust

who was the fascist leader of Italy during WWII?

mussolini

how did dictators control the people leading up to and in WWII?

- controlled the mass media

- immediate arrest if you did/said anything against the current leader

- had secret police

- propaganda

what did the lateran treaty do?

settled the long-standing problems between the Church and italy caused by the confiscation of the Papal States in the 19th century

why did mussolini give pope pius XI a large sum of money for the Papal States?

it was in exchange for the Church's surrendering all claims to land in italy

what did the italian government recognize Vatican City as under the lateran treaty? what did this give the church?

a sovereign state and gave the Church privileged status in Italy

what 2 parties joined together in the Lateran treaty?

the pope and mussolini

which party broke the lateran treaty? what did this lead to?

- mussolini

- opened the pope to the direty of the situation

who replaced pope pius XI after he died in 1939?

pope pius XII

(cardinal eugneio pacelli)

what officially started WWII?

hitler invaded poland september 1, 1939

how many military personnel were involved in WWII?

over 100 million

how many people died as a result of WWII?

50-70 million

what was a huge reason that many more died in response to WWII?

the advanced weaponry, jews were targeted, more countries involved

what did most national put all their resources toward during WWII?

the war efforts

what did pope pius XII think peace was during WWII?

it was necessary and possible

why did pope pius XII remain unbiased during WWII?

he didn't want hitler to become even more violent and felt he could help Jews more if he worked covertly

what type of approach did pope pius XII take to minimize the backlash from nazis?

a behind the scenes approach

what did pope pius XII do on Christmas Day in 1942?

spoke out, condemning the extermination of people on the basis of race

what did pope pius XII do for many jews during WWII?

provided shelter and gave them homes

(almost 860,000)