MicroBio Quiz 3 CH.13.4

chemotherapeutic agents

natural and synthesized antibiotics

selective toxicity

a drug can target and kill disease-causing microorganisms without harming the host’s cells

MIC

the lowest concentration of the drug that will prevent the growth of an organism

MBC

minimum concentration that will kill the target cell

therapeutic dose 

minimum dose per kg of body weight that stops growth 

toxic dose

maximum dose tolerated by the patient

chemotherapeutic index

ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose

synergism

each drug alone may work poorly but work well combined

antagonism

interfere with eachother and decrease effectiveness

cidla agents

lethal effects

static agents

slow or stop metabolism or reproduction but not lethal

Bactericidal agents

kill bacteria

bacteriostatic agents

prevent bacterial growth 

antimicrobial agents

produced naturally by microorganisms and synthetically in labs

drug susceptibility

tells whether a drug is likely to effectively inhibit or kill a microbe

drug sensitivity

how strongly the microorganism responds to a drug

antibiotic spectrum of activity

the range of microbes that a given drug affects

zone of inhibition

where the antibiotic stopped bacterial growth

Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique

uses round filter paper disks impregnated with antibiotics to measure MIC

how long a drug stays in tissue

depends on how quickly antibiotic is removed from body

determining where an antibiotic is clinically useful

drug’s concentration in tissue must remain higher than MIC