Model Referencyjny dla OSI (OSI Reference Model)

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering the OSI Reference Model concepts, layers, elements, and key protocols as described in the lecture notes.

What does OSI stand for in the OSI Reference Model context?

Open Systems Interconnection.

What is ISO/IEC 7498-1?

Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model.

Which ISO/IEC parts correspond to Security Architecture, Naming and addressing, Management framework, and Multipeer communication architecture?

7498-2 (Security Architecture), 7498-3 (Naming and addressing), 7498-4 (Management framework), 7498-5 (Multipeer communication architecture).

When was the OSI Basic Reference Model approved?

1978.

How many layers are in the OSI Reference Model?

Seven layers.

In OSI terms, what is an Open System?

A system that can communicate with another system and adheres to OSI standards.

What is a Real System as defined in the OSI notes?

A set of computers with software and peripherals forming an autonomous unit capable of processing and/or transmitting data.

What is an End System in OSI terminology?

The system that is the source or destination of data in communication.

What does the term (N)-layer mean in OSI?

A layer of the OSI architecture consisting of N-subsystems; there is one (N)-subsystem per layer.

What is an (N)-entity?

The active element of the N-layer; each (N)-subsystem consists of one or more (N)-entities that generate (N)-services.

How do (N)-entities communicate?

According to (N)-protocols.

What activities define cooperation between Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) in the notes?

Inter-process communication, data representation, data storage, process/resource management, data integrity and security, maintenance of programs.

What are the basic elements of the OSI model?

An open system, applications in the OSI Environment, relations enabling data exchange, and the physical medium/devices.

What is the OSI Environment?

An abstract representation of concepts, functions, services, and protocols defined by the OSI model and related standards.

What is a key principle of layering in the OSI model?

Layers cooperate only with adjacent layers.

Why is layering used in the OSI model?

To simplify understanding, enable independent development, standardize protocols, and standardize devices.

List the seven OSI layers from top to bottom.

7 - Application, 6 - Presentation, 5 - Session, 4 - Transport, 3 - Network, 2 - Data Link, 1 - Physical.

What are the responsibilities of the Application layer?

Applications cooperating in OSI; services/protocols for inter-process communication; examples include Telnet, FTP, HTTP, DHCP, DNS, POP/IMAP/SMTP.

Name examples of Application layer protocols.

Telnet, FTP, HTTP, DHCP, DNS, POP3, IMAP4, SMTP.

What are the responsibilities of the Presentation layer?

Standardizing data formats and their conversions, selecting transfer syntax, and providing access to Session layer services.

What is ASN.1 and where is it used according to the notes?

Abstract Syntax Notation One; used for data representation and example in X.400 email formatting.

What are some examples of data formats handled by the Presentation layer?

ASCII, JPEG, GIF, PNG, MPEG, MP3, etc. Also ASN.1 for abstract syntax.

What are the responsibilities of the Session layer?

Managing sessions: establishing, maintaining, and tearing down connections; managing data transfer, exceptions, and rights; examples include NFS, RPC, X Window System, ASP, DNA.

Name three Transport layer protocols.

TCP, UDP, SPX (Novell).

What are the main functions of the Network layer?

Routing, fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams, building connections from IP addresses, error reporting via ICMP, and QoS parameters; mapping IP to MAC.

List some Network layer protocols and datagram types.

IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP, IPX; datagrams for data, error reporting (ICMP), and routing information (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF).

What are the two sublayers of the Data Link layer?

LLC (Logical Link Control) and MAC (Media Access Control).

Name some Data Link layer protocols.

Ethernet, Token Ring, HDLC, PPP, ATM, MAC.

What are the responsibilities of the Physical layer?

Transmission of signals; converting frames to bit streams and vice versa; specifying signal amplitudes and timing; cabling standards and connectors; device operation.

Give examples of Physical layer standards.

RS-232, 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, fiber, V.35, WLAN standards.

What is the purpose of an OSI End System?

An End System is the source or destination of data in the communication.

What is meant by a practical benefit of OSI layering in terms of protocol development?

Each layer has its own protocols and services, enabling modular development and interoperability across networks.