Descriptive prefixes and Functional Groups (Page 1-2)

Vocabulary flashcards covering prefixes (Page 1) and common functional groups (Page 2) from the notes.

Hetero

Different in origin or structure.

Homo

Same as in origin or structure.

Iso

Same as or equal (often used to indicate isomers).

Chemo

Referring to chemical state.

Geo

Relating to geological state.

Hypo

Less than.

Hyper

More than.

Inter

Between objects or locations.

Meta

Between or in the middle.

Intra

Within.

Trans

Across.

Taxis

Movement.

Pseudo

False.

Pro / proto

Beginning, first, or early.

Phago

To eat or consume.

Pino

To drink or engulf.

Anabolism

Building up small compounds into larger ones (anabolic processes).

Catabolism

Breaking down large compounds into smaller ones (catabolic processes).

Hydroxyl

A polar functional group (-OH) found in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids; example: Ethanol.

Carbonyl

A carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O) found in carbohydrates and nucleic acids; example: Acetaldehyde.

Carboxyl

A carboxyl group (-COOH) found in amino acids and fatty acids; example: Acetic acid.

Amino

A nitrogen-containing functional group (-NH2) found in proteins; example: Alanine.

Phosphate

A phosphate group (-O-P-O- or -PO4) found in nucleic acids; example: Glycerol phosphate.

Methyl

A methyl group (-CH3); commonly found as a substituent in biomolecules; example: Glycerol phosphate.