Ichthyology Ch.5 pt 1 flashcards

Flashcards summarizing the key concepts from the lecture on soft anatomy and the cardiovascular system in fish.

What are the three types of muscle tissue in fish?

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.

What is skeletal muscle in fish?

Striated, comprises most of fish mass, voluntary.

What characterizes cardiac muscle?

Striated, found only in the heart, involuntary.

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Nonskeletal, involuntary, mainly associated with the gut.

What are myomeres in fish?

Segmented blocks of skeletal muscle separated by connective tissue, distinctly shaped like 'W'.

What are the two pairs of epaxial and hypaxial muscles responsible for?

Epaxial muscles elevate the skull; hypaxial muscles retract the pectoral girdle and allow lateral undulations.

How is red muscle different from white muscle in fish?

Red muscle is aerobic, better for sustained swimming, and contains myoglobin; white muscle is anaerobic, used for quick bursts of speed.

What percentage of fish mass comprises locomotory muscle?

40-60%.

What adaptations do some fishes have for deep-water swimming?

Heater organs in certain fish maintain eye and brain warmth.

What is the basic pattern of blood flow in fishes?

From the heart to the gills to the rest of the body and back.

What are the four chambers involved in fish heart anatomy?

Sinus venosus, Atrium, Ventricle, Bulbus arteriosus.

What are afferent branchial arteries responsible for?

Bringing oxygen-deficient blood to the gills.

What defines red blood cells (RBC) in most fishes?

Nucleated, yellowish-red, oval cells; larger and fewer than mammalian RBCs.

What are the main functions of white blood cells (WBC)?

Help with innate and acquired immune responses.

What is an example of a granulocyte?

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocyte, acting as first responders to infections.

What is the role of monocytes?

Powerful phagocytes that engulf and digest pathogens.

How do lymphocytes function in the immune response?

They recognize and respond to pathogens and abnormal cells.