Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

Ferrous Metals

does contain irons

Non-Ferrous Metals

don’t contain irons

Cast Iron

contains higher percentage of carbon ranging 2 to 4.33 and it is manufactured by melting pig iron with coke and limestone in furnace called CUPOLA

CUPOLA

furnace uses in cast iron

Grey Cast Iron

3% of carbon and gives a grey appearance. soft, weak and readily melts.

White Castle Iron

2-2.5% carbon, silver white color, hard.

Chilled Cast Iron

3.3% carbon content, produced by casting metal to a metal chiller

Malleable Cast Iron

2.3% carbon, composition is adjusted, produced by extracting portion of carbon of cast iron. high strength used for car parts

Toughened Cast Iron

obtained by melting cast iron with wrought iron.

Wrought Iron

Almost pure iron, 0.15% carbon, resistant to corrosion

steel

iron alloy with a carbon content up to 2.0%. has 3 types: low carbon, medium carbon, and high carbon.

Low carbon steel

0.10-0.3% carbon, can easily be hardened and tempered, used in sheets and tin plates

Medium Carbon Steel

0.3-0.6% of carbon, have high strength, toughness, hardness and stifness. used in railway tires

High Carbon Steel

0.6-1.5% of carbon, can easily hammered and tempered, magnetize permanently, used in hammers, drills

Alloy Steel

elements other than carbon are added to obtain special properties

Chromium Steel

highly ductile, can be easily worked and welded, used for pistons and bolts

Cobalt Steel

Possesses magnetic properties, used for making magnet

Manganese Steel

hard, strong, ductile. resistance to abrasion and used for gears

Tungsten Steel

hard and maintains cutting power at high temp. used for drill cutters

Nickel Steel

hard and ductile used for boiler plates

Vanadium Steel

resists shocks, used for automobile parts and springs

Aluminum

very light and useful non-ferrous material and good metal conductor, used for making parts of air crafts and paints

Copper

one of the most useful non-ferrous material, manufacture of electrical cables and wires

Tin

non-ferrous metal obtained from ore, tin pyrites or tinstone, cries when bent, used for plating, making cans and pans

Zinc

non-ferrous metals, easily fused, brittle when cold malleable at high temp, used for galvanized steel sheet, roofing, negative poles of batt

Lead

very cheap non-ferrous material, easily cut with knife and makes impression on paper, used for making bullets