Chapter 7

Charles Dickens

Wrote stories about London pre-industrial revolution, “Oliver Twist”, “A Tale of Two Cities”, etc.

Village Commons

Wetlands/pastures in the centre of the village, used by all

Cottage Industry

A system of production where goods are made at home rather than in factories, often involving families working together

Smelting

New method of producing iron by using coal instead of charcoal to heat and extract iron from ore

Enclosure

The process of turning small landholdings into larger farms for the wealthy, often resulting in the removal of common land access for villagers

Seed Drill

A device that planted seeds at uniform spaces that are optimized for the plant, maximizing used farmland

Agricultural Revolution

A period of significant agricultural development marked by improvements in farming techniques, crop yields, and livestock breeding, leading to increased food production and population growth

Entrepreneur

A person who takes the risks in investing, eg. small business owner

Labor, Capitol, Natural Resources

The three things needed for Industrial Development

James Hargreaves

Invented the spinning machine that could spin 6-7 threads at one time (Spinning Jenny)

Richard Arkwright

Invented a spinning machine that would work on water power

Samuel Compton

Invented a spinning machine that could run on horse or water power (Spinning Mule)

Edmund Cartwright

Invented the power loom that used horse, water, or steam power to weave yarn more quickly

Eli Whitney

Invented a machine that could clean cotton 50x faster than a human could (Cotton Gin)

Factory System

When all machines were placed in one place, allowing every step to be concise

Robert Fulton

Invented the steamboat

James Watt

Invented a more efficient steam engine

Liverpool and Manchester

Where the first railroads went between