History Unit 4 Study Guide

Mrs. Turnipseed

Articles of Confederation

founding documents that reflected American colonists, fear of strong central gov. (Americas first constitution)

John Locke

agreed that people are born with a blank mind

Galileo Galilei

first European to explore the universe with a telescope

universal law of gravitation

explains why planetary bodies stay in orbit around the sun

bill of rights

ten amendments that guarantee certain freedoms

Laissez-faire

idea that the state should not interfere with economy

Rene Descartes

father of modern rationalism

Nicolaus Copernicus

believed that the universe was heliocentric

First Estate

Social class made up of French clergy

Bourgeoisie

French middle class

Estates General

French Parliament

National Assembly

name taken by the third estate

French Revolution

trigger by the economic crisis of inflation and widespread unemployment

Voltaire

championed the religious philosophy of deism which was based on reason and natural law

Napoleon Bonaparte and legacy

military success foreshadowed leadership ability; downfall in 1812 when he invaded Russia; his civil code treated woman as less than men; coalitions of European nations and nationalism collapsed his empire

Enlightened Abolitionists

safeguarded the welfare of the state

Treaty of Paris

France forced to withdraw from India

Rousseau

believed society agreed to be governed by its general will

Reign of Terror

Time period of Montesquieu's rule, began with King Louis XVI's execution and ended with the establishment of the Directory

Seven Years War

Austria V. Prussia; Battle of Silesia

Montesquieu

separation of powers used for US constitution

Congress of Vienna

aimed to restore power to European monarchs

waterloo

Napoleons final defeat

the Directory

French Revolutionary gov. made to end the Reign of Terror

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

called for an end to aristocratic privileges