Chemistry Tests (Igcse Edexcel Complete)

Lithium flame test

Crimson flame

Sodium flame test

Yellow flame

Potassium flame test

Lilac flame

Calcium flame test

Brick-red flame

Barium flame test

Light-green flame

Copper flame test

Blue-green flame

Test for copper(II) (Cu²⁺)

Mix with sodium hydroxide to form a blue precipitate

Test for iron(II) (Fe²⁺)

Mix with sodium hydroxide to form a pale-green precipitate

Test for iron(III) (Fe³⁺)

Mix with sodium hydroxide to form a brown precipitate

Test for zinc (Zn²⁺)

Mix with sodium hydroxide to form a white precipitate which dissolves in excess

Test for aluminium (Al³⁺)

Mix with sodium hydroxide to form a white precipitate which dissolves in excess

Test for calcium (Ca²⁺)

Mix with sodium hydroxide to form a white precipitate insoluble in excess

Test for ammonium (NH₄⁺)

Mix with sodium hydroxide and warm to produce a gas which turns damp red litmus paper blue

Test for chloride (Cl⁻)

Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate to form a white precipitate which dissolves in dilute ammonia

Test for bromide (Br⁻)

Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate to form a cream precipitate which dissolves in concentrated ammonia

Test for iodide (I⁻)

Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate to form a yellow precipitate which is insoluble in ammonia

Test for sulfate (SO₄²⁻)

Add dilute hydrochloric acid then barium chloride to form a white precipitate insoluble in acid

Test for carbonate (CO₃²⁻)

Add dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide

Test for nitrate (NO₃⁻)

Add sodium hydroxide and aluminium foil then warm to produce a gas which turns damp red litmus paper blue

Test for hydrogen (H₂)

Hold a lit splint at the tube which produces a squeaky pop

Test for oxygen (O₂)

Hold a glowing splint in the tube which relights

Test for carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Bubble through limewater which turns cloudy

Test for ammonia (NH₃)

Turns damp red litmus paper blue

Test for chlorine (Cl₂)

Bleaches damp red litmus paper white

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