AP US History: The Progressive Era

Origins of progressivism

Rapid industrialization, immigration, and urbanization, which led to national growth and prosperity

Progressive goals

Social, moral, economic, and political goals

Muckrakers

Journalists who wanted to ignite change

Who coined the term "muckraker"?

Theodore Roosevelt

When did women first demand the right to vote?

In 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention in NY

When did women gain the right to vote?

In 1920, thanks to the 19th amendment

Civil disobedience

The refusal to obey a law due to the belief that the law is immoral

First state to grant women the right to vote

Wyoming

Organizers of a parade for women in March, 1913

Alice Paul and Lucy Barns

The success of the rally organized by Alice Paul and Lucy Barns led to the formation of an organization called what?

The Congressional Union

16th amendment

Income tax

17th amendment

Direct election of US Senators

18th amendment

Prohibition

19th amendment

Women's suffrage

20th amendment

Lame duck amendment; changed the presidential inauguration from March to January

Recall

Voters can remove and replace an elected official before their term of office is up (different from impeachment)

Referendum

A general vote on a specific issue referred to the people for a decision

Initiative petition

The process of beginning a referendum on a recall or special issue (the number of valid signatures of registered voters must be verified by the state election's official)

Lewis Hine

Muckraking photographer of child labor

Jacob Riis

Muckraking photographer of tenement living; "How the Other Half Lives"

Jane Addams

Chicago Hull House; aimed to help the poor with assimilation

Upton Sinclair

"The Jungle"; exposed the meat-packing industry; led to the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act

Lucretia Mott / Elizabeth Cady Stanton / Susan B. Anthony

Advocates of women's rights who participated in the Seneca Falls Convention to promote women's suffrage

Dorothea B. Dix

Helped to reform conditions for the mentally ill; wanted grants for insane asylums

Carrie Nation

Radical member of the temperance movement

Maragret Sanger

Advocated birth control

Thomas Nast

Exposed political corruption with cartoons

Ida B. Wells

Promoted the well-being of black children by organizing preschools for them

Ida Tarbell

Exposed corruption in the Standard Oil Company

Lincoln Steffens

Author of "Shame of the Cities"

Theodore Roosevelt

Bull Moose party; Big Stick Diplomacy ("speak softly but carry a big stick"; relied on a strong navy; established the US as a leader); full of contradictions; conservationist; supported radical change and reform; TRUST BUSTER

William Howard Taft

Republican party; Dollar Diplomacy (further foreign policy through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries); supported conservatism, not progressivism; supported subtle reform; wanted to break up all trusts; lost progressive support because he raised tariffs (Payne Aldrich tariff)

Woodrow Wilson

Democratic party; Moral Diplomacy (condemned imperialism, spread democracy, and promote international peace); supported Federal Reserve Act of 1913, which stabilized the economy; "New Freedom" program (emphasized business competition and small government); won the presidential election because the Republican vote was split between Roosevelt and Taft

The Square Deal

Roosevelt's plan for reform; meant to give all Americans an equal opportunity

Great White Fleet

16 white battleships sent around the world to demonstrate America's increased power; "good will cruise"

Monroe Doctrine

Stated that Europeans couldn't get involved in US affairs

Roosevelt's Corollary

Stated that US could act as police in Latin American affairs if Europeans caused problems

Panama Canal

A canal through Panama to speed up ship travel; cost $40 million; established the US as a world super power

Spanish-American War

Four month war; caused by Cuban War of Independence; US win; U.S.S. Maine blew up ("Remember the Maine!")

Effects of Spanish-American War

Treaty of Paris; US acquired Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico; purchased Philippines for $20 million

Why was progressivism so popular during this time?

Rise of the middle class resulted in more free time and more disposable income; growing hostility towards monopolies; horror at conditions of cities due to muckrakers

Yellow journalism

Journalism that exaggerates stories and uses sensational headlines to attract readers

Charles Lindbergh

Controllable airplane

Henry Ford

Eight hour work days and a living wage; assembly line method of production; cars

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic candidate in the 1896 presidential election who ran on the promise of equality for all; anti-trust

William McKinely

Won the 1896 presidential election because of the donations to his campaign from the three big titans

John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Company; self-made man

Andrew Carnegie

US Steel Company; self-made man

J.P. Morgan

Banking; born into riches

WCTU

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Populism vs progressivism

Populism: farmers; wanted more government control of banking and industries; focused more on a economic system

Progressivism: mostly middle class; saw the unfairness in the economy; fed up with corruption; focused more on a political system

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Meant to stop trusts, but was hardly enforced until the progressive presidents took office

Hepburn Act

Passed by President Roosevelt, it increased the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission

Pendleton Act

Passed by President Arthur, it created a system in which federal employees were hired based on merit rather than on any sort of political connections

Civil Service Commission

Enforced the Pendleton Act

Gold Standard Act

Passed by President McKinely, it stated that all paper money must be backed by gold; it got rid of America's practice of bimetallism