U4 keywords

aqueous solution

homogenous mixture dissolved in water in which one of more substances are dissolved

combustion reaction

chemical reaction between fuel and an oxidant that produces heat energy through flame

concentration

the amount of a substance present in a specific volume or mass of a solution or mixture (ratio of solute to solvent/solution

dilute

the process of decreasing the concentration of solute in a solution

dilution

the act of making something weaker in force, or content of valued

double replacement reaction

cations to anions switch places AB+CD —> AD+BC

excess reactant

reactants that are not used up when the reaction is complete

insoluble

incapable of being dissolved

limiting regent

reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction and limits how much product can be formed

mass percentage

the ratio of the mass of the solute that is present in a solution, relative to the solution overall

mass percent

(mass of solute/mass of solution) X100

molarity

amount of substance in a certain volume of solution; moles of a solute per liters of a solution

M

mol/L

net ionic equation

equation that depicts only the molecules or ions that are actively involved in a reaction or those that undergo change

percent yield

percent ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield; percent yield = (actual/theoretical)X100

ppb

parts per billion

ppm

parts per million

precipitate

when cations and anions in an aqueous solution combine to form an insoluble solid

solubility

maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure

solute

the substance being dissolved

solvent

normally liquid substance that does the dissolving

solution

homogenous mixture of 2+ substances

spectator ion

ions present during reaction that are unchanged during the reaction

stoichiometry

determination of proportions in which elements are compounds that react with each other

theoretical yield

largest amount of a product made in a chemical reaction based on its chemical equation

theoretical yield equation

(percent yield/actual yield) X 100