Introductory Psychology: Biological Bases of Behaviour

These flashcards cover essential concepts from the lecture on the biological bases of behavior, focusing on neuroanatomy, brain regions, and neuronal communication.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What is the Central Nervous System composed of?

The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord.

What is a key function of the Peripheral Nervous System?

The PNS is responsible for interactions with the external environment and the execution of motor commands.

What are the primary regions of the embryonic brain?

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

What does gray matter consist of?

Gray matter consists of cell bodies and is responsible for processing information and controlling functions in the CNS.

What is the role of white matter?

White matter serves as a communication network for transmitting information within the CNS, composed of myelinated axons.

What unique structures are found on dendrites?

Dendritic spines, which act as receiving points for chemicals released by other neurons.

What is the function of myelin in neuronal axons?

Myelin acts as an insulating material to speed up action potentials.

What is an action potential?

An action potential is a brief shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axon.

What does the all-or-none law state?

When an action potential begins, it is fully executed; neurons either fire an action potential or they do not.

What is a synapse?

A synapse is a specialized junction between two neurons allowing for the transfer of electrochemical signals.

What do we call the neuron sending a signal in a synaptic communication?

The pre-synaptic neuron.

What do we call the neuron receiving a signal in a synaptic communication?

The post-synaptic neuron.

What is the role of the thalamus in the brain?

The thalamus is responsible for relaying most sensory signals to their respective cortices.

What is the absolute refractory period?

The absolute refractory period is the minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin.