Dispatch Weather Midterm

Where is the usual location of a thermal low

Over the surface of a dry, sunny region.

Over the artic region.

Over the eye of a hurricane.

Over the surface of a dry, sunny region

Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm?

The start of rain at the surface

The appearance of an anvil top

Growth rate of the cloud is at its maximum

the start of rain at the surface

What is a feature of supercooled water?

The temperature of the water drop remains at 0°C until it impacts a part of the airframe, then clear ice accumulates

The unstable water drop freezes upon striking an exposed object

The water drop sublimates to an ice particle upon impact

the unstable water drop freezes upon striking an exposed object

which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?

Squall line

Frontogenesis

Advective fog

squall line

the rate of decrease in wind speed from the jet stream core is considerably greater on the

acute angle side

polar side

equatorial side

polar side

which of the following will decrease the holding time during anti-icing using a two-step process?

Increase the viscosity of Type 1 fluid

Apply heated Type 2 fluid

Decrease the water content

apply heated type 2 fluid

anti-icing fluid should provide freezing point protection to

a freezing point no greater than 20°F below the ambient or aeroplane surface temperature

- 20°F ambient temperature

+32°F outside temperature or below

a freezing point no greater than 20 degrees below the ambient or aeroplane surface temperature

for a flight to an airport in the vicinity of the coast, land surface cooling means you can expect to encounter

land breezes

a chinook wind

sea breezes

land breezes

when does minimum temperature normally occur during a 24 hour period?

After sunrise

At midnight

About 1 hour before sunrise

after sunrise

which event usually occurs after an aircraft passes through a front into the colder air?

Wind direction shifts to the left

Atmospheric pressure increases

Temperature/dewpoint spread decreases

atmospheric pressure increases

In the International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF), a variable wind direction is noted by "VRB" where the three digit direction usually appears. A calm wind appears in the TAF as

00003KT

00000KT

VRB00KT

00000KT

Maximum downdrafts in a microburst encounter may be as strong as

6,000 ft/min

8,000 ft/min

7,000 ft/min

6,000 ft/min

Where are jetstreams normally located?

In a single continuous band, encircling the Earth, where there is a break between the equatorial and polar tropopause

In a break in the tropopause where intensified temperature gradients are located

In areas of strong low pressure systems in the stratosphere

In a break in the tropopause where intensified temperature gradients are located

what is the minimum glycol content of type 1 deicing/anti-icing fluid?

30 percent

80 percent

50 percent

80 percent

In this METAR excerpt, "SLP993 SNINCR 1/10" means

0.1" of snow on the runway land zone during the last hour

1" of snow in the last 10 hours

1" and a total of 10" of snow is on the ground with 1" in the last hour

1" and a total of 10" of snow is on the ground with 1" in the last hour

Which area or areas of the Northern Hemisphere experience a generally east to west movement of weather systems?

Artic only

Artic and subtropical

Subtropical only

Artic and Subtropical

When does the National Weather Service release an Aviation Notification Watch Message (SAW)?

At 0000 (UTC)

Unscheduled and issued as required

At 0000 and 1200 (UTC)

Unscheduled and issued as required

What type turbulence should be reported when it causes slight, rapid,and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in attitude or altitude less than one-third of the time?

Occasional light chop

Moderate chop

Moderate turbulence

Occasional light chop

Which type precipitation is an indication that supercooled water is present?

Freezing rain

Ice pellets

Wet snow

Freezing rain

What hazard should you expect for a morning departure from KPDX, based on this METAR?KPDX 271154Z 00000KT 9SM CLR -10/-10 A2979.

Frost on the aircraft

Sea breeze

Wind shear

Frost on the aircraft

When saturated air moves downhill, its temperature increases

at a faster rate than dry air because of the release of latent heat

at a slower rate than dry air because condensation releases heat

at a slower rate than dry air because vapourisation uses heat

at a slower rate than dry air because vapourisation uses heat

An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 40 knots, within a microburst, may expect a total shear across the microburst of

90 knots

80 knots

40 knots

80 knots

A clear area in a line of thunderstorm echoes on a radar scope indicates

an area where precipitation drops are not detected

the absence of clouds in the area

an area of no convective turbulence

An area where precipitation drops are not detected

A calm wind that is forecast, in the International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is encoded as

00000KT

00003KT

VRB00KT

00000KT

Which wind-shear condition results in an increase in airspeed?

Decreasing tailwind and increasing headwind

Increasing tailwind and headwind

Increasing tailwind and decreasing headwind

Decreasing tailwind and increasing headwind

What action is recommended when encountering turbulence due to a wind shift associated with a sharp pressure trough?

Increase speed to get out of the trough as soon as possible

Climb or descend to a smoother level

Establish a straight course across the storm area

Establish a straight course across the storm area

Jetstreams are strongest during which season in the Northern Hemisphere?

Winter

Spring

Summer

Winter

Maximum downdrafts in a microburst encounter may be as strong as

6,000 ft/min

8,000 ft/min

7,000 ft/min

6,000 ft/min

What is indicated about an air mass if the temperature remains unchanged or decreases slightly as altitude is increased?

The air is unstable

A temperature inversion exists

The air is stable

The air is stable

What is the primary cause of all changes in the Earth's weather?

Variations of solar energy at the earth's surface.

Movement of air masses from moist areas to dry areas

Changes in air pressure over the Earth's surface.

Vibrations of solar energy at the earth's surface

What's an important characteristic of wind shear?

It is primarily associated with the lateral vortices generated by thunderstorms

It usually exists only in the vicinity of thunderstorms, but may be found near a strong temperature inversion

It may be associated with either a wind shift or a windspeed gradient at any level in the atmosphere

It may be associated with either a wind shift or a windspeed gradient at any level in the atmosphere

(Refer to Figure 149.) What approximate wind direction, speed, and temperature (relative to ISA) expected for for a a flight over TUS at FL270?

350° true; 5 knots; ISA +5°C

010° true; 5 knots; ISA +13°C

347° magnetic; 5 knots; ISA -10°C

010° true; 5 knots; ISA +13°C

(Refer to Figure 144.) If involved in a microburst encounter, in which aircraft positions will the most severe downdraft occur?

4 & 5

2 & 3

3 & 4

3&4

The symbol ($) at the end of the following METARindicates thatMETAR KFSM 131756Z AUTO 00000KT M1/4SM R25/0600V1000FT -RA FG VV004 06/05 A2989 RMK AO2 $

he latest information is broadcast on the voice portion of a local navaid at KFSM

the latest information is transmitted over a discrete VHF frequency at KFSM

maintenance is needed on the system

Maintenance is needed on the system

What is a feature of a stationary front?

Surface winds tend to flow parallel to the frontal zone

The warm front surface moves about half the speed of the cold front surfaces

Weather conditions are a combination of strong cold front and strong warm front weather

Surface winds tend to flow parallel to the frontal zone

Which INITIAL cockpit indications should a pilot ALL be aware of when a headwind shears to a calm wind?

Indicated airspeed decreases, aircraft pitches down, and altitude decreases

Indicated airspeed decreases, aircraft pitches up, and altitude decreases

Indicated airspeed increases, aircraft pitches down, and altitude increases

Indicated airspeed decreases, aircraft pitches down, and altitude decreases

In which meteorological conditions can frontal waves and low pressure areas form?

Cold front occlusions

Warm fronts or occluded fronts

Slow-moving cold fronts or stationary fronts

Slow-moving cold fronts or stationary fronts

Temperature and radiation variations over land with a clear sky typically lead to

minimum temperature occurring after sunrise

incoming terrestrial radiation peaking at noon

temperature reaching a maximum closer to noon than to sunset

Incoming terrestrial radiation peaking at noon

The adverse effects of ice, snow, or frost on aircraft performance and flight characteristics include decreased lift and

an increased stall speed

a decreased stall speed

increased thrust

An increased stall speed

(Refer to Figure 149.) What approximate wind direction, speed, and temperature (relative to ISA) are expected for a flight over OKC at FL370?

260° true; 27 knots; ISA +6°C

265° true; 27 knots; ISA +1°C

260° magnetic; 27 knots; ISA +10°C

260° true; 27 knots; ISA +6°C

Volcanic Ash Advisory charts are updated every

4 hours

12 hours

6 hours

6 hours

Low pressure areas are areas of

ascending air

descending air

stagnant air

ascending air

What is the lowest cloud in the stationary group associated with a mountain wave?

Rotor cloud

Standing lenticular

Low stratus

rotor cloud

How can the stability of the atmosphere be determined?

Atmospheric pressure at various levels

Ambient temperature lapse rate

Surface temperature/dewpoint spread

Ambient temperature lapse rate

If squalls are reported at the destination airport, what wind conditions exist?

Sudden increases in windspeed of at least 15 knots, to a sustained wind speed of 20 knots, lasting for at least 1 minute

A sudden increase in wind speed of at least 16 knots, the speed rising to 22 knots or more for 1 minute or longer

Rapid variation in wind direction of at least 20° and changes in speed of at least 10 knots between peaks and lulls

A sudden increase in wind speed of at least 16 knots, the speed rising to 22 knots or more for 1 minute or longer

Cumulus clouds often indicate

possible turbulence

a temperature inversion

a dry adiabatic lapse rate

possible turbulence

What type turbulence should be reported when it causes changes in altitude and/or attitude more than two-thirds of the time, with the aircraft remaining in positive control at all times?

Continuous severe chop

Continuous moderate turbulence

Intermittent moderate turbulence

Continuous moderate turbulence

How are haze layers cleared or dispersed?

By evaporation similar to the clearing of fog

By convective mixing in cool night air

By wind or the movement of air

By wind or the movement of air

When high level moisture is available, cirrus clouds form on the

acute angle side of the jet stream

equatorial side of the jet stream

polar side of the jet stream

equatorial side of the jet stream

Which action is recommended regarding an altitude change to get out of jetstream turbulence?

Descend if ambient temperature is rising

Maintain altitude if ambient temperature is not changing

Descend if ambient temperature is falling

Descend if ambient temperature is failing

Convective clouds which penetrate a stratus layer can produce which threat to instrument flight?

Embedded thunderstorms

Freezing rain

Clear air turbulence

Embedded thunderstorms

Which action is recommended if jetstream turbulence is encountered with a direct headwind or tailwind?

Change altitude or course to avoid a possible elongated turbulent area

Increase airspeed to get out of the area quickly

Change course to fly on the polar side of the jetstream

Change altitude or course to avoid a possible elongated turbulent area

What temperature condition is indicated if precipitation in the form of wet snow occurs during flight?

The temperature is above freezing at higher altitudes

The temperature is above freezing at flight altitude

There is an inversion with colder air below

The temperature is above freezing at flight altitude

METAR KHRO 131753Z 09007KT 7SM FEW020

BKN040 30/27 A3001

SPECI KHRO 131815Z 13017G26KT 3SM +TSRA SCT020 BKN045TCU 29/24 A2983

RMK RAB12 WS TKO LDG RW14R FRQ LTGICCG VC

What change has taken place between 1753 and 1815 UTC at Harrison (KHRO)?

The ceiling lowered and cumulonimbus clouds developed

Visibility reduced to IFR conditions

Thundershowers began at 12 minutes past the hour

Thunderstorms began at 12 minutes past the hour

Steep frontal surfaces are usually associated with

fast moving cold front

fast moving warm front

dry lines

fast moving cold front

(Refer to Figure 149.) What will be the wind and temperature trend for an STL MEM MSY flight at FL330?

Wind shift from west to north

Windspeed decrease

Temperature increase 5°C

Windspeed decrease

What characterises a ground-based inversion?

Poor visibility

Cold temperatures

Convection currents at the surface

Poor visibility

The practice developed and accepted by the North American air carrier industry using traditional North American fluids is to ensure that the freeze point of the remaining film is below ambient temperature by at least

20°F

20°C

10°F

20°F

The threshold wind speed in the jet stream for clear air turbulence is generally considered to be

100 kts

110 kts

120 kts

110 kts

If icing is suspected on an airplane equipped with deicing equipment, the pilot should

first confirm ice with the ice light prior to deploying the pneumatic boots

operate the pneumatic deicing system several times to clear the ice

operate the pneumatic deicing system once to allow time for the ice removal

operate the pneumatic deicing system several times to clear the ice

Which are the only cloud types forecast in the Terminal Aerodrome Forecast?

Cumulonimbus

Altocumulus

Stratocumulus

Cumulonimbus

Constant Pressure Analysis Charts contain contours, isotherms and some contain isotachs. The contours depict

ridges, lows, troughs and highs aloft

highs, lows, troughs, and ridges on the surface

highs, lows, troughs, and ridges corrected to MSL

ridges, lows, troughs and highs aloft

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterised predominately by downdrafts?

Mature

Cumulus

Dissipating

Dissipating

What sources reflect the most accurate information on current and forecast icing conditions?

AIRMET Zulus

Low-Level Sig Weather Prog Chart, RADATs, and the Area Forecast

PIREPs, Area Forecast, and the Freezing Level Chart

AIRMET Zulus

If the winds aloft are blowing parallel to the front,

the front can be expected to move with the upper winds

the front moves slowly if at all

the winds aloft can be expected to turn at the frontal boundary

The front moves slowly if at all

(Refer to Figure 144.) How will the aircraft in position 4 be affected by a microburst encounter?

Performance increasing with a tailwind and updraft

Performance decreasing with a tailwind and downdraft

Performance decreasing with a headwind and downdraft

Performance decreasing with a tailwind and downdraft

What is the feature of air movement in a high pressure area?

Descending to the surface and then outward.

Moving outward from the high at high altitudes and into the high at the surface.

Ascending from the surface high to lower pressure at higher altitudes.

Descending to the surface and then outward

The purpose of diluting ethylene glycol deicing fluid with water in non-precipitation conditions is to

increase the minimum freezing point (onset of crystallisation)

raise the eutectic point

decrease the freeze point

Decrease the freeze point

Which initial cockpit indications should a pilot be aware of when a constant headwind shears to a calm wind?

Altitude pitch, and indicated airspeed decrease

Altitude increases; pitch and indicated airspeed decrease

Altitude, pitch, and indicated airspeed increase

Altitude pitch, and indicated airspeed decrease

(Refer to Figure 145.) What was the local Central Standard Time of the Aviation Routine Weather Report at Austin (KAUS)?

5:53 p.m.

10:53 p.m.

11:53 a.m.

11:53 am

Where can the maximum hazard zone caused by wind shear associated with a thunderstorm be found?

On all sides and directly under the thunderstorm cell

Ahead of the roll cloud or gust front and directly under the anvil cloud

In front of the thunderstorm cell (anvil side) and on the southwest side of the cell

On all sides and directly under the thunderstorm cell

Where do the maximum winds associated with the jetstream usually occur?

Below the jet core where a long straight stretch of the jetstream is located

In the vicinity of breaks in the tropopause on the polar side of the jet core

On the equatorial side of the jetstream where moisture has formed cirriform clouds

In the vicinity of breaks in the tropopause on the polar side of the jet core

Data that may be added (manual weather augmentation) to the Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) report is limited to

density Altitude, NOTAMs, and reported slant range visibility

the precipitation accumulation report, an automated variable visibility and wind direction remark

thunderstorms (intensity and direction). precipitation (type and intensity), and obstructions to visibility (dependent on the visibility being 3 miles or less)

thunderstorms (intensity and direction). precipitation (type and intensity), and obstructions to visibility (dependent on the visibility being 3 miles or less)

Turbulence encountered above 15,000 feet AGL, not associated with cloud formations, should be reported as

high altitude turbulence

convective turbulence

clear air turbulence

clear air turbulence

Freezing rain encountered during climb is normally evidence that

a climb can be made to a higher altitude without encountering more than light icing

ice pellets at higher altitudes have changed to rain in the warmer air below

a layer of warmer air exists above

A layer of warmer air exists above

What condition is indicated when ice pellets are encountered during flight?

Thunderstorms at higher levels

Freezing rain at higher levels

Snow at higher levels

Freezing rain at higher levels

The prevailing visibility in the following METAR isMETAR KFSM 131756Z AUTO 00000KT M1/4SM R25/0600V1000FT -RA FG VV004 06/05 A2989 RMK AO2 $

a mean (average) of 1/4 statute mile

measured 1/4 statute mile

less than 1/4 statute mile

less than 1/4 statute mile

Which of the following weather conditions are conducive to inflight icing?

Visible rain with temperatures below 0°C

Visible rain with temperatures below 10°C

Visible moisture with temperatures below 5°C

Visible rain with temperatures below 0°C

Which type jetstream can be expected to cause the greater turbulence?

A straight jetstream associated with with a high pressure ridge

A curving jetstream associated with a deep low pressure trough

A jetstream associated with a wide isotherm spacing

A curving jetstream associated with a deep low pressure trough

What wind direction and speed aloft are forecast by this WINDS AND TEMPERATURE ALOFT FORECAST (FD) for FL390 - "731960"?

230 at 119 knots

073° at 196 knots

131° at 96 knots

230 at 119 knots

What is the recommended technique to counter the loss of airspeed and resultant lift from wind shear?

Lower the pitch attitude and regain lost airspeed

Avoid overstressing the aircraft, "pitch to airspeed," and apply maximum power

Maintain, or increase, pitch attitude and accept the lower-than-normal airspeed indications

Maintain, or increase, pitch attitude and accept the lower-than-normal airspeed indications

Which type of weather can only be directly observed during flight and then reported in PIREP

Jetstream-type winds and icing

Turbulence and structural icing

Level of the tropopause and turbulence

Turbulence and structural icing

(Refer to Figure 144.) On final approach to the airport, aeroplane in position #5 would experience

decreased ground speed

downdraft

poor performance

Poor performance

(Refer to Figure 149A, Area 10.) What is the forecasted wind direction, speed, and temperature over ELY at 30,000 feet?

330°, 35 knots, 33 °C

040°, 35 knots, -33 °C

220°, 35 knots, -33 °C

220°, 35 knots, -33 °C

What is a difference between an air mass thunderstorm and a steady-state thunderstorm?

Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation retard and reverse the updrafts

Air mass thunderstorm produce precipitation which falls outside of the updraft

Steady-state thunderstorms are associated with local surface heating

Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation retard and reverse the updrafts

Precipitation induced fog

results from relatively cooler rain or drizzle falling through warmer air

is usually of short duration

results from relatively warm rain or drizzle falling through cooler air

results from relatively warm rain or drizzle falling through cooler air

(Refer to Figure 146.) What was the celling at Walnut Ridge (KARG)?

1,000 feet AGL

2,400 feet AGL

1,000 feet MSL

1,000 ft AGL

Which is definition of "severe wind shear?"

Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 knots or vertical speed changes greater than 500 ft/min

Any change of airspeed greater than 20 knots which is sustained for more than 20 seconds or vertical speed changes in excess of 100 ft/min

Any rapid change of horizontal wind shear in excess of 25 knots; vertical shear excepted

Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 knots or vertical speed changes greater than 500 ft/min

(Refer to Figure 149.) What will be the wind and temperature trend for an SAT ELP TUS light at 16,000 feet?

Wind direction shift from southwest to east

Windspeed decrease

Temperature decrease slightly

Wind direction shift from southwest to east

SPECI KGLS 131802Z 10012G21KT 060V140 2SM +SHRA SCT005 BKN035 OVC050CB 24/23 A2980 RMK RAB1757 WS TKO RWO9L WSHFT 58 FROPA.

This SPECI report at Galveston (KGLS) indicates which condition?

Precipitation started at 1757

Wind steady at 100 magnetic at 12 knots, gusts to 21

5,000 feet overcast with towering cumulus

Precipitation started at 1757

(Refer to Figure 145.) What type of report is listed for Lubbock (KLBB) at 1818Z?

A special report concerning very low statior pressure

A Special METAR weather observation concerning significant weather changes

An Aviation selected special weather report

An Aviation selected special weather report

When will frost most likely form on aircraft surfaces?

On clear nights with stable air and light winds

On clear nights with convective action and a small temperature/dewpoint spread

On overcast nights with freezing drizzle precipitation

On clear nights with stable air and light winds

METAR KFSO 030900Z VRB02KT 7SM MIFG SKC 15/14 A3012 RMK SLP993 6///// T01500139 56012In the above METAR, the "SLP993 6/////" indicates

sea-level pressure 993.6 hectopascals and that four-tenths of an inch of precipitation has fallen in the last 6 hours

sea-level pressure 993.6 hectopascals that has dropped .4 hectopascals in the last 6 hours

sea-level pressure 993.6 hectopascals and that an indeterminable amount of precipitation has occurred over the last 3 hours

sea-level pressure 993.6 hectopascals and that an indeterminable amount of precipitation has occurred over the last 3 hours

During an IFR cross-country flight you picked up rime icing which you estimate is 1/2" thick on the leading edge of the wings. You are now below the clouds at 2000 feet AGL and are approaching your destinationairport under VFR. Visibility under the clouds is more than 10 miles, winds at the destination airport are 8 knots right down the runway, and the surface temperature is 3 degrees Celsius. You decide to:

fly your approach slower than normal to lessen the "wind chill" effect and break up the ice

approach and land at your normal speed since the ice is not thick enough to have any noticeable effect

use a faster than normal approach and landing speed

use a faster than normal approach and landing speed

Where is a common location for an inversion?

At the base of cumulus clouds

In the stratosphere

At the tropopause

In the stratosphere

What is the minimum glycol content of Type 2 deicing/anti-icing fluid?

50 percent

80 percent

30 percent

50%

Summer thunderstorms in the artic region will generally move

northeast to southwest in polar easterlies

southwest to northeast with the jetstream flow

directly north to south with the low-level polar airflow

northeast to southwest in polar easterlies

A jetstream is a narrow, shallow, meandering river of maximum winds extending around the globe in a wavelike pattern with speeds of

71 kts or greater

50 kts or greater

100 kts or greater

50kts or greater

(Refer to Figure 145.) What condition is reported at Dallas (KDAL)?

Temperature/dewpoint spread is 8°F

Altimeter setting is 30.07

The tops of the overcast is 10,000 feet

Altimeter setting is 30.07

Which procedure increases holding time when deicing/anti-icing an airplane using a two-step process?

Cold Type 2 fluid followed by hot Type 2 fluid

Heated Type 1 fluid followed by cold Type 2 fluid

Heated Type 1 or 2 fluid followed by cold Type 1 fluid

Heated Type 1 fluid followed by cold Type 2 fluid