AP World Chapter 5: Nomads and the Mongols

Mongol Empire

A vast empire that controlled over 11 million contiguous square miles and was known for its rapid conquests and military prowess.

Genghis Khan

Born Temüjin around 1162, he united the Mongol tribes and became the Great Khan, leading the Mongols to significant territorial expansion.

Kurultai

A general council used by the Mongols to choose their rulers, where supporters would show up on horseback to indicate their backing.

Khanates

The four major divisions of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan's death:the Yuan Dynasty, Il-Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, and the Khanate of the Golden Horde.

Pastoral Nomads

Groups like the Mongols who migrated according to climate conditions, relied on herding, and often lived near settled populations for trade.

Meritocracy

Genghis Khan's policy of promoting individuals based on ability rather than family ties, which helped him gain loyalty and unite the Mongol tribes.

Siege Warfare

The Mongols became adept at siege tactics, learning from interrogated prisoners and adapting to new technologies like gunpowder.

Cross-Eurasian Trade

The Mongols revitalized trade along the Silk Road, ensuring safety for traders and increasing economic activity across their empire.

Religious Tolerance

The Mongols were known for their acceptance of various religions within their empire, fostering a diverse cultural environment.