2B Acids, Bases, and Salts - Structure and Bonding

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to acids, bases, salts, structure, and bonding concepts from the lecture notes.

Acid

A substance that donates protons (H+) in a chemical reaction.

Base

A substance that accepts protons (H+) in a chemical reaction or produces hydroxide ions (OH-).

Salt

An ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically formed between metals and non-metals.

Covalent Bonding

A type of bonding where pairs of electrons are shared between atoms, typically between non-metals.

Ionic Compound

A compound made up of ions held together by ionic bonds; usually formed from metals and non-metals.

Covalent Compound

A compound formed by the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms.

Metallic Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that occurs in metals, characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons.

Dot-and-Cross Diagram

A visual representation of the arrangement and sharing of electrons in ionic and covalent bonds.

Dative Covalent Bond

A bond in which both shared electrons come from the same atom, also known as a coordinate bond.

Giant Ionic Lattice

A three-dimensional structure formed by the regular arrangement of ions in ionic compounds.

Simple Molecular Structure

A type of structure formed by small discrete molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces.

Giant Covalent Lattice

A structure where atoms are bonded by a network of covalent bonds in a large, continuous arrangement.

Electron Sharing

The process of atoms sharing electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell, characteristic of covalent bonding.

Ammonium Ion

A positively charged ion formed when ammonia (NH3) gains a proton (H+).

Lone Pair

A pair of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding.

Bonding Pair

A pair of electrons that are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond.

Coordinate Bond

Another term for a dative covalent bond, where one atom provides both electrons for a shared pair.