Video: Biomedicine Module Test Prep Workbook (Flashcards)

Sample batch of 50 vocabulary flashcards (styles and definitions reflect content from the Biomedicine notes). This is a demo. I can generate the full 250 cards in batches if you’d like.

Hepatitis B incubation period

The time from infection to onset of symptoms for hepatitis B: 50–180 days.

Autogenous infection

An infection caused by pathogens that the patient is already carrying.

Synaptic cleft

The gap between a nerve ending and the motor end plate where neurotransmitter transmission occurs.

Parasympathetic nervous system effect on heart

Decreases heart rate and promotes digestion; opposite of sympathetic effects.

Graves’ disease

Autoimmune hyperthyroidism with increased thyroid hormone production and high metabolic rate.

Cortisone (glucocorticoids)

Anti-inflammatory steroid that reduces inflammation and edema; does not treat Cushing’s syndrome.

Small intestine absorption

Primary site for nutrient absorption (stomach is a storage/processing site; most absorption occurs here).

Sympathetic nervous system effects on pupils/bladder/GI/heart

Pupils dilate; urinary bladder sphincters contract; GI activity decreases; heart rate/force increase.

Mature red blood cell (RBC) features

Anucleate cells lacking mitochondria; contain hemoglobin for oxygen transport.

Breast cancer prevalence

The most common cancer in adult women.

Ondansetron

Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic.

Clostridium difficile

Bacterium causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.

Addison’s disease signs

Hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue due to adrenal cortical insufficiency.

Cushing’s syndrome signs

Moon face and buffalo hump; hypertension, hyperglycemia, and immunosuppression due to excess glucocorticoids.

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone; stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids.

Absorption site (nutrients)

Nutrients are primarily absorbed in the small intestine.

Cuff width in BP measurement

A cuff too narrow yields a falsely high reading; proper size is essential.

Murphy’s sign

Pain and arrest of inspiration during RUQ palpation, suggesting acute cholecystitis.

Rovsing’s sign

Pain in the RLQ during LLQ pressure, suggesting appendicitis.

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst; common symptom in diabetes mellitus.

Chief complaint

The one or more primary symptoms driving a patient to seek care.

Stye (hordeolum)

Acute infective lesion on the eyelid, usually due to Staphylococcus.

Abdominal tympany/gas

Increased gas (borborygmi) and tympanic sounds in the abdomen suggest gas accumulation.

Elevated creatinine

Indicates potential kidney dysfunction; reflects glomerular filtration rate.

Carnett sign

Pain persists when tensing abdominal muscles, indicating abdominal wall source of pain.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; high-energy nucleotide used in energy transfer.

Urine osmolality test

Evaluates the kidney’s concentrating ability and ADH-related disorders.

GB21 needle safety (muscle)

GB21 puncture is safer when inserted into the underlying muscle (e.g., trapezius) to avoid deeper injury.

Ammonia blood test

Used to assess liver function and metabolism; elevated levels indicate liver disease or injury.

GB25/needle depth risk

Deep needling at GB25 risks injury to the kidney.

Acupuncture intake content (general)

Pre-pt intake considerations: vitals, allergies, chief complaint, past history, etc.

Deep tendon reflex and nerve injury

Absent or decreased reflexes can indicate peripheral nerve injury.

Type 2 diabetes insulin resistance

Insulin resistance with variable insulin secretion; often seen in overweight, older adults.

Sacroiliac joint tests (EXCEPT)

Valsalva’s maneuver is not a sacroiliac joint test; Gaenslen’s, Patrick’s/FABER, and sacroiliac distraction tests assess SI joint.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Blood test used to evaluate cancers, particularly colorectal cancer.

Cortisol (stress hormone)

Steroid from adrenal cortex; regulates metabolism and stress response; ACTH stimulates release.

Foramen magnum location

Located in the occipital bone.

McBurney’s sign

Rebound or tenderness at McBurney’s point, indicating acute appendicitis.

Tennis elbow test

Tests for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) related to the extensor tendon.

Laparoscopy

Minimally invasive procedure to view abdominal/pelvic organs; used for diagnosis and biopsy.

Trigeminal nerve

Cranial nerve V; sensory innervation of the face; motor to chewing muscles.

Hypertrophy (tissue growth)

Increase in cell size due to functional demand or hormonal signals.

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

Males with an extra X chromosome; tall stature, infertility, and possible Barr body seen.

Pneumonia types (bacterial vs viral)

Bacterial pneumonia often shows lobar consolidation and leukocytosis; viral pneumonia tends to be diffuse with normal or slight WBC rise.

Pyogenic osteomyelitis

Bone infection that can be acute or chronic; may require antibiotics and may cause bone necrosis or drainage.

Sterilization

Process that destroys all microbial life.

Chest X-ray in suspected cancer/pneumonia

Initial imaging to evaluate lung pathology before further testing.

Rectal exam frequency in men

Annual rectal examination recommended for men over 40 as part of cancer screening.

Moon face/buffalo hump

Characteristic signs of Cushing’s syndrome due to excess cortisol.

CRH production site

Hypothalamus; stimulates ACTH release from the pituitary.

Speed’s test

Shoulder test for bicipital tendinitis; pain with resisted forearm flexion.

Accessory nerve (XI)

Cranial nerve that innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Sciatic nerve

Largest nerve; divides into common peroneal and tibial nerves.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) features

Autoimmune disease with arthralgias, rash, proteinuria; caused by immune complex deposition.

Ribosome (bacteria)

Bacterial organelle responsible for protein synthesis; bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria.