KIN 2750 Topic 1

the study of human movement. a machine for the performance of work

kinesiology

biomechanics, musculoskeletal anatomy, neuromuscular physiology

kinesiology’s areas of study

Kinesiology is an area of study based in scientific principles, and

utilized to improve human performance

• Safety- avoidance of physical harm

• Effectiveness- success or failure of meeting performance goals

• Efficiency- achievement of motion with least amount of effort

part of kinesiology’s reasons for study

avoidance of physical harm

safety

success or failure of meeting performance goals

effectiveness

achievement of motion with least amount of effort

efficiency

Physical educators, coaches, and fitness professionals learn how to

teach effective performance of basic and specialized skills

• The purpose is successful participation and improvement of physical function

• Examples include teaching proper form for an Olympic lift or the best method

of shooting a basket

part of kinesiology’s reason for study

• Physical and Occupational therapists, and athletic trainers use

principles of kinesiology in a more clinical and therapeutic way

• Restoration of impaired function or compensation

• Adequate performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) or rehabilitation

from injury

part of kinesiology’s reason for study

• There are primarily two methods to study kinesiology

• Empirical laboratory analysis, such as biomechanical movement analysis or

examination of muscle biopsies

• Normal practice analysis, performed in gymnasiums or clinics and utilizing

qualitative feedback

kinesiology’s methods of study

• Whether it is a trainer, coach, or therapist applying kinesiology in

their field of study, a structured plan is essential

• Motor skill specialists should also be aware of possible injury types

for any given activity

• Therapists and trainers must know joint and muscle structure as well

as exercise tolerances

kinesiological analysis

• The arrangement of bones, joints, and the muscles that provide

locomotion

• This system, like similar ones in other areas of mechanics and physics,

can be considered as an arrangement of levers

• Bones are the levers that move in a circular fashion about a fulcrum (joint)

when force from contracting muscles is applied

the musculoskeletal system

• There are 206 bones in the human skeleton, of which 177 are under

voluntary control

• Two major divisions:

• Axial- skull, spinal column, sternum and ribs

• Appendicular- upper and lower extremities, including the scapula, clavicle,

humerus, pelvis, femur, etc.

bones

how many bones are in the human body?

206

how many of the 206 bones in the human body are under voluntary control?

177

what bones make up the axial region of the human body?

skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs

what bones make up the appendicular region of the human body?

upper and lower extremities, including the scapula, clavicle, humerus, pelvis, femur, etc

how many vertebrates make up the cervical region of the spine?

7

how many vertebrates make up the thoracic region of the spine?

12

how many vertebrates make up the lumbar region of the spine?

5

how many vertebrates make up the sacral (sacrum) of the spine?

5 (fused)

how many vertebrates make up the coccyx of the spine?

4 (fused)

This term refers to both bone development throughout life and growth until

puberty

• Growth involves the epiphyses of bone calcifying from cartilage

• After puberty, this area fuses and no further long bone growth occurs

osteogenesis (bone development)

what are the 4 types of bones?

long, short, flat, irregular

bones that have a cylindrical shaft with broad and knobby ends

long bones

examples of long bones

femur, tibia, clavicle

small and chunky bones are known as

short bones

examples of short bones

carpals and tarsals (wrist and ankle)

platelike bones are known as

flat bones

example of flat bones

sternum, scapulae, ribs

bones that are unique in their design

irregular bones

example of irregular bones

the bones of the spinal column

• Joints are primarily classified into two categories, based on the

presence or absence of a cavity between bones containing synovial

fluid

• Diarthrosis- with cavity

• Synarthrosis- without cavity

• Further classification considers the shape or movement characteristics of the

joint

joints

joints with a cavity

diarthrosis

joints without a cavity

synarthrosis