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Culture definition
the artifacts and ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that are part of any society
culture is a key concept of?
sociological perspective
culture influences
people's beliefs and behaviors
without culture there is
no society
Socialization
teaches us the rules of culture
expectancy effect
When someone expects a given result, that expectation unconsciously affects the outcome or report of the expected result.
how has the internet changed pornography?
by making it:
anonymous
affordable
accessible
how has porn affected technological developments?
it accelerated technology and allows more user to access it
how is violence in porn described?
concealed
what did a peer reviewed study of porn scenes reveal?
women were the victims go aggression in the majority of scenes that were analyzed
average age of a person first viewing porn
11.5
two categories society places women are
f-able or invisible
manwin sociological theory
conflict theory
Free porn offered by popular tube sites have resulted in an overall decrease in the amount of money the pornography industry makes every year. TRUE OR FALSE
false
a study of working conditions of porn video shoots showed that many of the actors faced unusual risks, some of which could be prevented by using condoms. TRUE OR FALSE
true
porn is still mainly produced by independent, small, "filmmakers", who often lack the means to distribute their products. TRUE OR FALSE
false
One new development in the porn industry has been a movement away from equating debasement of the women with "hotter" sex for the man. TRUE OR FALSE.
false
how many states go sex education?
24
which form of sex education worked better to prevent teen pregnancy?
states that don't require abstinence/ comprehensive sex education
of the main themes of porn
degradation of the female performer
grooming
establishing an emotional connection with someone under the age of consent with the object of sexual activity
what type of sexuality did dr. Gail say women deserve to have?
an authentic sexuality
sociobiology definition
the view that genes and human biology influence human behavior
do sociologist like the sociobiological concept?
NO - they favor culture over biology
why do sociologists favor culture of biology?
behavior differs dramatically among societies
biology can't account for why groups and location differ in their rates of committing certain behaviors
biological explanations support..
the status quo
biological inferiority
one is better than the other
eugenics
the view that certain categories of people were biologically indoor and should be sterilized
example of eugenics
70,000 people (immigrants and African Americans) were sterilized in the 1900s
two broad parts of culture
ideas and symbols
nonmaterial culture definiton
the values, beliefs, and languages that define a society
ex: language
material culture definition
physical objects in a society that tell us both the lives of people in that society
ex: technology, tools, clothing
symbols defintion
things that stand for something else and evokes various reactions/emotions
non verbal symbols
gestures - movement of the body to convey emotions, feelings, and isn't the same across countries
most important symbol is..
language - it essential to communication and to any society's culture
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
the idea that languages influence the thoughts and perceptions of people in a society
norms defintion
socially acceptable ways of thinking
formal norms definition
these refers to the standards of behavior considered the most important in any society
formal norms are also known as
laws and mores ex: traffic laws, criminal codes
informal norms definiton
these references to the standards of behavior that are considered less important but still influences how we behave
informal norms are also known as
folkways and customs ex: table manners
rituals defintion
procedure and/or ceremony that marks transition in the life course ex: graduations and weddings
values definition
criteria we use to judge what's good or bad, right or wrong,
a culture's value shapes it...
norms
American values
individualism
artifacts definition
material objects that make up a society's material culture
artifacts:
not cross cultural
more complex in industrial societies
essential to tell info about a culture
cultural diversity defintion
differences in the elements of culture from society to the next
sub culture defintion
a smaller culture within a larger culture with distinct ways of thinking, feeling, and acting ex: amish people
counter culture definition
a sub culture whose norms and values directly oppose those of the larger cultureex: hippies
main difference between subculture and counterculture
counterculture wants to drastically change the society they live in
moral panic definiton
irrational, widespread, feeling of fear that some evil person or thing threaten's the values, interests of well being of a community
moral panic is the process of?
arousing social concern over an issue
moral entrepreneurs
an individual, group or formal organization that seeks to influence a group to adopt or maintain a norm
who made the term moral entrepreneurs
Howard becker
why did Howard Becker make the term moral entrepreneurs
explore the relationship between law and morality
explain how deviant social categories become defined and maintained
rule creator definition
generally express the conviction that some kind of threatening social evil exist that must be combated
moral crusaders
concerned with the persuasion of others but not concerned with the means of how the persuasion is achieved
moral crusaders/rule creators are..
religious groups, legislatures, stake holder
stake holders
a person with an interest or concern in something especially for a monetary reason
moral crusader need these 4 things:
power
public support
attention
proposed solution
crusaders rely on?
experts who serve to legitimize a moral issue on technical or scientific grounds (rule enforcers)
rule enforcer
compelled to need to justify their role an win respect in interactions
is child grooming rare or common?
rare
sex positive definition
movement that seeks to change cultural attitudes and norms around sexuality
what does sex positivity emphasize
the importance of safe sex practice and consensual sex
what have academic studies on child grooming shown?
groomers are more likely to be someone the victim knowns
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