NEURO EXAM ONE

1?

frontal lobe

2?

central sulcus

3?

parietal lobe

4?

occipital lobe

5?

cerebellum

6?

lateral fissure (sylvan fissure)

1?

precentral gyrus

2?

postcentral gyrus

3?

supramarginal gyrus

4?

angular gyrus

5?

superior temporal gyrus

6?

inferior frontal lobe

This is the name of the neurological "map" we often use to identify areas and proportions of the  brain dedicated to processing motor functions, or sensory functions, for different parts of the body

homunculus

Which plane?

midsagittal

T or F: The brain is both anatomically and functionally symmetrical.

False

A?

Dorsal

B?

Caudal

C?

Ventral

D?

Rostral

What are the two primary components of the nervous system

spinal cord and brain

What procedures determine hemispheric dominance

Sodium amytal infusion and Wada test

what procedure provides a graphic representation of the summated electrical activity in brain cells.  It measures the differences between two separate points on the scalp surface that represent brain-transmitted electrical potentials or brain waves of the underlying cortex, specifically of the vertical pyramidal cells

EEG

What is the name of the imaging technique that measures the responses of living tissues to an applied magnetic field and to external radiofrequency waves

MRI

Which part of the neuron transmits information away from the cell body?

Axon

The first signs of this disease often appear in constantly used muscles such as respiration and the muscles of the eyes..

Myasthenia Gravis

T or F: Gray matter is composed mostly of neuron cell bodies and glial cells

True

Which structure transports nutrients to neurons while cleaning up cell debris, and is involved in scarring after brain damage?

Astrocytes

Many brain tumors result from these types of cells that are growing out of control..

Glial cells

acetylcholine is related to

voluntary movements

dopamine is related to

Parkinson

norepinephrine is related to

sleep, attention and mood

GABA is related to

Huntington

T or F: White matter is a general term for the axonal bundles in the central nervous system

True

T or F: Schwann cells are glial cells which form myelin sheath around axons found in the central nervous system

False

T or F: Oligodendrocytes provide the myelin to neurons in the peripheral nervous system

False

Mesencephalon is also known as..

Midbrain

What is made up of three layers and protects the central nervous system

Meninges

Executive and motor function take place in which lobe?

Frontal

T or F: Untreated hydrocephalus contributes to brain atrophy and results in mental deficiency

True

T or F: Cerebrospinal fluid protects the central nervous system, delivers nutrients, and removes harmful substances and metabolic waste

True

Auditory processing takes place in which lobe?

Temporal

outermost layer of the meninges is..

Dura matter

What is the largest part of the brain

cerebrum

T or F: The basal ganglia is found in the telencephalon and plays an important role in motor coordination

True

T or F: The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the longitudinal fissure and connected by the telencephalon

False

Which region of the frontal lobe is responsible for executive function and personality?

Prefrontal cortex

Which gyrus is also the primary motor cortex?

Precentral

To visualize the insula- you must pull apart the frontal lobe at what sulcus ?

Lateral sulcus

Which lobe of the brain is located on its lateral surface, inferior to the lateral sulcus?

Temporal

What are the three major parts of the brain?

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

Outermost meningeal layer (latin: tough mother)

Dura matter

Which space does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulate?

Subarachnoid

bundle of axons in peripheral nervous system

nerve

what type of glial cell is responsible for myelin production in the central nervous system

oligodendrocytes

at rest the concentration of positively charged Na ions is greater in what cell

outside

this phrase of the action potential is characterized by an efflux of positively charged K cells

Repolarization

which part of the neuron receives information from neighboring cells

dendrite

? cells wrap around and insulate the axon, forming the ? which enables faster conduction of neural impulses

Glial:myelin sheath

which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for initiating muscle contraction

GABA

what are the cortical lobes?

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Insular

where is the primary cortice of the frontal lobe?

primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus

where is the primary cortice of the parietal lobe?

Primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus

where is the primary cortice of the temporal lobe?

Primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus

where is the primary cortice of the occipital lobe?

primary visual cortex in the calcarine sulcus

precentral

motor

postcentral

sensory

gyrus

raised ridge or fold; hill

sulcus

groove or indentation b/w gyri; valley

what is Apraxia of speech?

motor speech disorder in which a person has difficulty planning and programming the movements needed for speech, despite not necessarily having weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles.

what is visual neglect ?

eyes may work but fail to attend to one side of space; can see but does not respond to one side

where is Brocas area located

left frontal lobe in inferior frontal gyrus

what does the Brocas area do?

producing language

where is Wernickes area ?

left temporal lobe in the posterior superior temporal gyrus

what does the Wernickes area do

understanding language

two types of TBI?

open and closed

what is an open TBI?

when a penetrating object caused direct harm to the brain

what is a closed TBI?

skull stays intact; from blow or acceleration

What are the 3 commonly known sulci that help create boundaries between the cortical lobes?

1. Central sulcus – separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

2. Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) – separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

3. Parieto-occipital sulcus – separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

what is another name for precentral gyrus?

primary motor cortex

what is another name for postcentral gyrus?

Primary somatosensory cortex

which part of the neuron receives information?

Dendrites

which part of the neuron transmits information?

axons

what is a neurotransmitter?

chemical substance that causes transfer of information to neighboring cells

What is responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses?

axons