TFN Prelims pt. 2

MAY 12, 1820-AUGUST 13, 1910

when was Florence nightingale born and when did she died

NIGHTINGALE

During the Crimean War, she tended to wounded soldiers at night and was known as “The Lady with the Lamp.”

HUMAN BEING

what did Florence Nightingale called humans

NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY

the importance of environment in promoting health and healing. She believed that clean air, pure water, proper sanitation, light, quiet, and adequate nutrition are essential for recovery.

WATSON

American nurse theorist and nursing professor known for her "Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring."

WATSON’S THEORY OF HUMAN CARING

how nurses care for their patients and how that caring progresses into better plans to promote health and wellness, prevent illness and restore health.

WATSON’S THEORY OF HUMAN CARING

Caring as the essence of nursing. The nurse-patient relationship, focusing on human dignity, compassion, and a holistic approach to health that addresses mind, body, and spirit.

WATSON’S THEORY OF HUMAN CARING

Nurses practice empathy, active listening, presence, and therapeutic communication. They provide holistic care that includes emotional, spiritual, and psychological support, not just physical treatment.

BENNER

a nursing theorist who first developed a model for the stages of clinical competence in her classic book “From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice”. 

BENNER

Chief Faculty Development Officer for Educating Nurses. Director of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching National Nursing Education. Honorary fellow of the Royal College of Nursing

NOVICE, ADVANCED BEGINNER, COMPETENT, PROFICIENT, EXPERT

Enumerate Benner’s Stages of Clinical Competence

NOVICE

nursing students/first year of clinical education; behavior in clinical setting is limited ability to predict and inflexible. 

ADVANCED BEGINNER

new grads in their first jobs; nurses had more experiences that enable them to recognize recurrent, meaningful components of a situation (has knowledge but lacks experience)

COMPETENT

these nurses lack the speed and flexibility of proficient nurses, but they have some mastery and can rely on advance planning and organizational skills (1 to 2 years experience)

PROFICIENT

nurses are capable to see situations/patients as “wholes” rather than parts (It is like a transitional stage on the way to expertise)

EXPERT

nurses who are able to recognize demands and resources in situations and attain their goals. They know what needs to be done. They don’t rely on senior nurses.

BENNER’S STAGES OF NURSING EXPERTISE

Nurses develop skills and patient care expertise over time through education and clinical experience.

BENNER’S STAGES OF NURSING EXPERTISE

Nurses are encouraged to develop through continuous learning and mentorship. Leaders provide support and training tailored to the nurse’s stage of expertise. It guides competency assessment, career development, and nursing education.

CARING ETHICS

the practical relationship between the patient and the nurse

NURSING ETHICS

are the ethical principles that guide a nurse’s decision-making abilities.

CARITATIVE CARING

consist of love and charity, which is also known as caritas, and respect and reverence for human holiness and dignity.

ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY

focused on "caritas," or love and compassion, as the foundation of caring. She viewed caring as an ethical act aimed at alleviating suffering and promoting dignity, faith, and hope. 

ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY

Nurses provide care rooted in compassion and respect for human dignity. They focus on relieving suffering, offering spiritual support, and fostering trustful nurse-patient relationships. 

CARITAS

love and charity

THE SUFFERING HUMAN BEING

the concept that Eriksson uses to describe the patient.

CARING CULTURE

the concept that Eriksson uses instead of environment.

ROGERS

American nurse, researcher, theorist, and author widely known for developing the Science of Unitary Human Beings and her landmark book, An Introduction to Theoretical Basis of Nursing

ROGER’S SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING

Humans considered as a whole, dynamic energy fields in constant interaction with their environment. Health and illness are part of the same energy continuum.

ROGER’S SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING

The theory views nursing as both a science and an art as it provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the universe.

ROGERS’ SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING

Nurses focus on promoting harmony between patient and environment through interventions like therapeutic touch to the patient, good rapport with patient and environment by introducing yourself para mareduce yung anxiety, be courteous and kind.

SCIENCE OF NURSING AND ART OF NURSING

2 DIMENSIONS OF SUHB:

SCIENCE OF NURSING

the knowledge specific to the field of nursing that comes from scientific research.

ART OF NURSING

involves using the science of nursing creatively to help better the lives of the patient.

OREM

One of America’s foremost nursing theorists who developed Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, also known as the Model of Nursing.

1959-2001

Orem developed her Self-care deficit model between ____-____

OREM’S SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY

It is considered a grand nursing theory, it covers a broad scope with general concepts applicable to all instances of nursing.

SELF-CARE

The activities individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being.

SELF-CARE DEMAND

The specific self-care activities required to meet an individual's health needs at a given time.

SELF-CARE AGENCY

The individual's ability to engage in self-care, influenced by factors like age, health status, and environmental context.

SELF-CARE DEFICIT

The condition that arises when a person's self-care agency is insufficient to meet their therapeutic self-care demand.

OREM’S SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY

This theory delineates when nursing is needed. Nursing is required when an adult is incapable of or limited in providing continuous effective self-care.

OREM’S SELF CARE DEFICIT THEORY

Nursing/Nurse is needed when individuals cannot meet their own self-care needs.

OREM’S SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY

Nurses assess a patient's ability to perform self-care. They support, teach, or provide care when patients cannot meet these needs independently. 

KING

One of the pioneers and most sought nursing theorists for her Theory of Goal Attainment, developed in the early 1960s.

PERSONAL SYSTEM

influences how individuals perceives their health and their ability to achieve goals

INTERPERSONAL SYSTEM

this system is crucial for mutual goal setting; nurse and patient help in identifying needs & working towards common goals

SOCIAL SYSTEM

this system provides the larger environment and framework within which individual and interpersonal goals are set and achieved, influencing health in a broader sense.

KING’S GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY

Nursing is a process of human interaction where the goal is health through communication, goal-setting, and achieving outcomes.

KING’S GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY

Nurses collaborate with patients to set health goals like controlling blood pressure, managing diabetes, and develop strategies to achieve them.

NEUMAN’S SYSTEMS MODEL

based on the person's relationship to stress, response, and reconstitution factors that are progressive in nature.

NEUMAN’S SYSTEMS MODEL

It focuses on the patient system's response to actual or potential environmental stressors and maintains the client system's stability through primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing prevention interventions to reduce stressors. 

NEUMAN’S SYSTEMS MODEL

Nurses identify stressors and strengthen the patient’s lines of defense through prevention, education, and interventions.

STRESSORS

Any phenomenon that might penetrate both the flexible and normal line of defense, resulting in either a positive or negative outcome.

INTRAPERSONAL STRESSORS

Are those that occur within the client system boundary and correlate with the internal environment.

EXTRA PERSONAL STRESSORS

Occur outside the client system boundaries but are at a greater distance from the system than are interpersonal stressors.

ROY

Nursing theorist, professor, and author known for her groundbreaking work in creating the Adaptation Model of Nursing

ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL

prominent nursing theory aiming to explain or define the provision of nursing science.

ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL

Individuals adapt to changes in their environment using coping mechanisms. Health is seen as successful adaptation.

ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL

Nurses assess physiological, psychological, and social adaptation. They support patients in adjusting to illness, disability, or life changes. Assess first the physical, psychological state.

JOHNSON

Was one of the greatest nursing theorists who developed the Behavioral Systems Model, proposed in 1968

JOHNSON’S BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL

individuals can be understood as behavioral systems, with each subsystem having specific goals, tendencies, and observable behaviors.

JOHNSON’S BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL

Nurses help restore balance by identifying maladaptive behaviors and promoting healthier behavioral patterns like stress management, coping skills training.