World Sheehy Final Study Set

Cold War--What does this term mean?

rivalry between two nations where the countries don't fight directly but block each others goals indirectly

Yalta Conference--When? Purpose? Who was there? Decisions?

- 1945

- U.S., Soviet Union, and Britain decide that there will be a peacemaking group called the U.N.

- divide Germany into four zones, controlled by the U.S, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, Berlin would be divided the same way

Potsdam Conference--When? Purpose? Who was there? Decisions?

- 1945

-U.S. (Truman) & Soviet Union (Stalin)settled matters between Germany and Poland

- U.S. got scared of Stalin's reign and communism was spreading fast

Marshall Plan

- Plan by U.S. to give 17 billion to European countries for aid

- Promote peace and stability, to prevent spread of communism, and to have to buy American products with money

Truman Doctrine

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

NATO and Warsaw Pact

NATO was pact by U.S. and Western European countries & Warsaw pact was pact by Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries

Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift

In 1948, Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into Berlin.

Buffer Zone

any countries surrounding a certain country that would act as a line of defense against aggression, they are allied with the country they surround

What happened in Hungary in 1956?

Hungarians tried to get rid of communism but got defeated by the soviets. (America didn't help)

United Nations--Security Council

exists to decide on military, political, or diplomatic disputes

Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.

Command Economy

an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.

Mutual Assured Destruction

the strategy assuming that, as long as two countries can destroy each other with nuclear weapons, they will be afraid to use them

Domino Theory

The US theory that stated, if one country would fall to Communism then they all would.

How was Yugoslavia different from other Communist nations in Eastern Europe post WWII?

it was more independent from the Soviet Union, govt had less control

Berlin Wall--Who put it up? When? Why?

put up in 1961 to prevent people in East Berlin (controlled by Soviets) from escaping to West Berlin (U.S., Britain, France). Nikita Kruschchev was the one that recommended its construction.

Russian satellites?

Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, East Germany, Yugoslavia, and Albania

When did the Soviets test their own A-bomb?

1949

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba

Détente

A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon.

Glasnost

A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry.

Perestroika

A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society

China - Civil War

- the communist revolution/the liberation,

- 1927-1937

- communists supported by peasants vs the nationalists

united in 1937 to fight common enemy Japan, went back to fighting

- communists win, china turns communist Oct 1 1949

China: Great Leap Forward

Mao attempted to industrialize China 1958-61

Ended because of poor management, famine, natural disasters

The three hard years: exactly what it sounds like, years of disaster

China Cultural Revolution

After the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao feared that it was a little too capitalist so he got rid of the four olds: old ideas, culture, customs, habits

Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) (1893-1976)

Worked as a communist organizer in Shanghai and organized peasant resistance in Changsha. The main difference from him and the CCP was that he believed that the peasants/peasantry were the basis of power. In early uprisings, he rose to prominence; and during the Long March he effectively became the leader of the communist party in 1935 and in 1949 he proclaimed the People's Republic of China after defeating Jieshi in the Chinese Civil War.

Chiang Kai-shek

General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. He became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.

What was the relationship like between the USSR and China in the 1960s?

Deng Xiaoping

Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong.

Who was the first American President to visit Communist China?

Nixon in 1972

What was the result of the student protest in Tiananmen Square in 1989?

The desired results did not occur in China however that action inspired worldwide protest (it inspired the people that tore down the berlin wall)

Falun Gong

Chinese spiritual movement suppressed by the government since the late 1990s

"grey culture"

Chinese youth voice their feelings using grey culture, incorporating punk fashion, pop art, offbeat fiction, rock n roll!!

Hu Jintao

China's paramount leader from 2002 to 2012

Korean War

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

General MacArthur

- General MacArthur led the UN troops in Korea. He recaptured both the ports in Incheon and Seoul(using a surprise amphibious attack). In less than 2 weeks he had turned the war around.

- MacArthur made incendiary statements against communists and Truman was worried this would anger the Chinese more.

- Wanted Truman to start bombing the Chinese ports and mainland.

- Eventually was fired because he demanded that the Chinese surrender to him.

Vietnam War

A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States.

Ho Chi Minh

Leader of the Viet Minh, which is communist. They were seeking independence (France wanted Indochina back) and called on the U.S. for help. U.S chose France instead

Ngo Dinh Diem

leader of the offensive in South Vietnam. His government is supported by the U.S. but is unpopular in Vietnam, enough so that he is assassinated on November 1, 1963

Viet Minh

Communist Vietnamese movement

Viet Cong

A Communist-led army and guerrilla force in South Vietnam that fought its government and was supported by North Vietnam.

Which country fought a war with Indochina from 1946 to 1954 to re-colonize it?

France

Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution

Incident: on the shores of North Vietnam an American destroyer ship, the SS Maddox, was said to have been fired upon by North Vietnamese patrol boats without any provocation.

Resolution: The president has the right to take "all necessary measures" to defend any country in southeast Asia from communiest aggression or subversion. This was very open ended, like a blank check. It passed in Congress, only two votes against.

Tet Offensive

Tet is Vietnamese New Year. Surprise offensive in South Vietnam on Jan 31, 1968. U.S. is caught completely by surprise