Industrial Arts and Allied Trades Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards derived from the industrial arts lecture notes, covering technical terms, tools, and processes in civil technology, woodworking, masonry, plumbing, drafting, electricity, electronics, RAC, automotive, and metal works.

Civil Technology

The branch of Industrial Arts concerned with planning, construction, maintenance, and repair of structures and buildings.

Hardwood

Wood obtained from broadleaf or deciduous trees, characterized as dense, durable, strong, and slow-growing.

Softwood

Wood obtained from cone-bearing trees, typically lightweight, easier to cut, and faster growing.

Narra

A highly durable and termite-resistant hardwood used for furniture and flooring.

Yakal

A hardwood known for its excellent strength and resistance to moisture, used for heavy construction and bridges.

Knots

A natural wood defect occurring at the portion where branches were attached to the tree.

Shakes

Cracks or separations between wood fibers caused by internal stresses.

Seasoning

The process of removing moisture from wood to prepare it for use.

Warp

A distortion of wood shape, such as being tabingi, caused by improper or uneven drying.

Checks

Small cracks on the wood surface caused by uneven drying.

Spirit Level

A tool used for testing vertical and horizontal surfaces using a bubble.

Plumb bob

A tool used specifically for vertical alignment.

Butt Joint

The simplest wood joint, made by placing the end of one piece of wood against another.

Mortise and tenon

Regarded as the strongest joint for quality chairs, tables, and benches.

Dovetail Joint

A joint using interlocking wedge-shaped projections called tails and pins, known for excellent resistance to pulling apart.

Board foot (BF)

The unit of measure for determining the volume of lumber, calculated as $\frac{T'' \times W'' \times L'}{12}$.

Masonry

Structural construction where component parts are laid in and bound together by mortar.

Concrete Hollow Block (CHB)

The most widely used masonry material, typically measuring $16\,\text{inches}$ ($0.4064\,\text{meter}$) in length.

Portland cement

The most widely used bonding agent in construction, including roads and highways.

Aggregates

Inert materials like sand (fine) or gravel (coarse) bound by cement and water to form concrete or mortar.

Mortar

A workable paste consisting of cement, sand, and water used to bind construction blocks.

Efflorescence

A white, powdery deposit of soluble salts on masonry surfaces triggered by water infiltration and evaporation.

English bond

A brick bonding pattern that alternates one course of headers and one course of stretchers; considered the strongest traditional bond.

RA 1378

The National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.

PVC Pipe

Polyvinyl Chloride pipe, a plastic pipe commonly used for cold water supply lines.

CPVC Pipe

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride pipe, designed for both hot and cold potable water.

P-trap

A curved pipe section holding a water seal to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings.

Check valve

A one-way valve used to prevent the backflow of water.

Visible line

Also known as an object line, it is a thick line representing the visible edges or outline of an object.

Hidden line

A thin line of short dashes representing surfaces or edges that cannot be seen.

Voltage (V or E)

The electrical pressure existing between two points capable of producing current flow, measured in Volts ($V$).

Resistance (R)

The quality that resists the flow of electric current, measured in ohms ($\Omega$).

Ohm's Law

States that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance ($V = I \times R$).

Diode

An electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction only.

Refrigerant

A substance used in cooling systems that absorbs and transfers heat.

Alternator

An automotive electrical generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to charge the battery.

Four-Stroke Engine Cycle

The engine process consisting of four stages: Intake, Compression, Power, and Exhaust.

Ductility

The ability of a metal to deform without breaking under tensile stress, such as when being drawn into wire.

Malleability

The ability of a metal to be hammered or rolled into sheets without breaking.