exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during phase I of meiosis
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gamete
a haploid sexcell formed during meiosis that can combine with another helped sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg
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fertilization
process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell ith 2*n* chromosomes with *n* chromosomes from the female parent and *n* chromosomes from the male parent
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genotype
an organisms allele pairs
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genetic recombination
new combinations of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortments
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law of segregation
Mendelian law stating that 2 alleles for each trait separate during meiosis
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law of independent assortment
Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes
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polyploidy
having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes, which in these types of plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival.
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heterozygous
organism with 2 different alleles for a specific trait
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homozygous
organism with 3 of the same alleles for a specific trait
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haploid
cell with half of the number of chromosomes (*n*) as a diploid (2*n*) cell
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dominant
Mendel’s name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation
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allele
alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait
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homologous chromosomes
one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location
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gene
functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation
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genetics
science of heredity
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diploid
having two copies of each chromosome
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phenotype
observable characteristic that is expressed as a result if an allele pair
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meiosis
reduction division process occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid (2*n*) cell produces four haploids (*n*) cells that are not genetically identical
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recessive
Mendel’s name for a specific trait hidden ormaked in F1 generation
Studied by 5 people
