Biology - Chapter 10 Vocab

hybrid

hybrid

organisms heterozygous for a specific trait

crossing over

exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during phase I of meiosis

gamete

a haploid sexcell formed during meiosis that can combine with another helped sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg

fertilization

process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell ith 2n chromosomes with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent

genotype

an organisms allele pairs

genetic recombination

new combinations of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortments

law of segregation

Mendelian law stating that 2 alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

law of independent assortment

Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes

polyploidy

having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes, which in these types of plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival.

heterozygous

organism with 2 different alleles for a specific trait

homozygous

organism with 3 of the same alleles for a specific trait

haploid

cell with half of the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell

dominant

Mendel’s name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation

allele

alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait

homologous chromosomes

one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location

gene

functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation

genetics

science of heredity

diploid

having two copies of each chromosome

phenotype

observable characteristic that is expressed as a result if an allele pair

meiosis

reduction division process occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploids (n) cells that are not genetically identical

recessive

Mendel’s name for a specific trait hidden ormaked in F1 generation