World History Final

Conquistador

A conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Middle Passage

second leg of the triangle trade brought enslaved Africans to the Americas.

Mercantilism

The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

Treaty of Tordesillas

a 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided newly discovered lands outside of Europe

Columbian Exchange

the global exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Old and New Worlds. It began in 1492 when Christopher Columbus and his crew arrived in the Caribbean. The exchange had a profound impact on the world, leading to environmental changes, population growth, and the spread of disease.

Encomienda

A system that granted Spanish colonists the right to extract forced labor from indigenous people in the Americas in exchange for supposed protection and religious instruction.

Triangle Trade

a system of transatlantic trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Northwest Passage

a sea route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the northern part of Canada's Arctic Archipelago

How did European expansion of the slave trade affect African states in the 1600 and 1700s?

African states became too weak to resist the slave trade.

The Treaty of Tordesilla, signed in 1492…

established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal and those controlled by Spain.

In France during the Old Regime, this was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects

Estates General

The ultimate goal of the early European explorers was to find…

find a passage to Asia.

The working class group of French subjects within the Third Estate.

Sans-Culottes

The professional and educated class group of French subjects within the Third Estate.

Bourgeoisie

A revolutionary assembly formed on June 20, 1789 for the representatives of the Third Estate.

National Assembly

This oath was made as a promise to remain convened until a new constitution has been completed.

Tennis Court Oath

a fortress or small fort

Bastille

This was the legal system put into place once Napoleon had come to power in France.

Napoleonic Code

a document that outlines basic human rights and limits on government power

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed…

equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women.

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

the influence of Enlightenment ideas, social inequality, and economic hardship

The French people welcomed Napoleon because…

he promised order after the chaos of the Revolution.

The leader of the Jacobins?

Maximilien de Robespierre

Factors of Production

Inputs needed for the creation of a good or service.

Labor Unions

organized groups of workers who unite to make decisions about working conditions, pay, etc…

Mass Production

the manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products, often using assembly lines or automation technology.

Interchangeable Parts

Identical components that can be substituted one for another.

Assembly Line

Manufacturing of large quantities of products in a constant flow

Laissez-faire

policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society

Socialism

Economic system where the factors of production are owned collectively and everything is shared equally

In which European country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain

The first factories in Europe developed in the ____ industry .

TEXTILE

Triple Alliance

agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Treaty of Versailles

peace document signed at the end of World War I by Allied powers and Germany

total war

channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

Triple Entente

agreement between Russia, Great Britain, and France

trench warfare

warfare in which opposing armed forces attack, counterattack, and defend from relatively permanent systems dug into the ground

Schlieffen Plan

German plan to attack France, through Belgium, achieving a quick victory.

League of Nations

international organization dedicated to preventing future wars through collective security

Armistice

a pause in fighting brought about by agreement between the two sides.

Describe the political and economic realities in Europe after WWI.

After World War I, Europe faced a period of political instability and economic hardship. The Treaty of Versailles imposed heavy reparations on Germany, leading to widespread poverty and resentment, while the collapse of empires created new nations and borders that further fueled tensions in the region.

Which series of events led to World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 was a significant trigger for the war, escalating tensions between European powers. This event, combined with complex alliances, militarism, imperialism, and nationalism, ultimately culminated in the outbreak of World War I.

Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to do what?

Pay for war damages, take full blame for starting the war, and have a limited military

How did the Zimmerman Note affect American neutrality?

It led to strong public support for U.S. entry into the war.

What type of warfare was fought primarily on the Western Front during World War I?

Trench Warfare