Science - Energy Transfer

Energy Transfer

Temperature

The measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of particles.

Effect of increasing temperature on particles

They move faster on average.

Heat

Energy transferred because of a temperature difference.

Direction of natural heat movement

Hot → Cold.

Types of heat transfer

Conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact.

Example of conduction

A hot pan heating your hand.

Convection

Heat transfer through the movement of a liquid or gas.

Behavior of warm fluid

It rises.

Behavior of cool fluid

It sinks.

Example of convection

Water circulating while it boils.

Radiation

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves without direct contact.

Example of radiation

Energy from the Sun warming Earth.

Heat transfer requiring touching

Conduction.

Heat transfer involving moving liquids or gases

Convection.

Heat transfer that can travel through empty space

Radiation.

Reason gloves keep hands warm

They slow down the transfer of heat from your hands to the surroundings.

Metal floor vs carpet temperature sensation

Metal transfers heat away from your feet faster.

Water freezing point in Celsius

0°C.

Water boiling point in Celsius

100°C.

Water freezing point in Fahrenheit

32°F.

Water boiling point in Fahrenheit

212°F.

Absolute zero

0 Kelvin, the lowest possible temperature.