Untitled Flashcards Set

Child Development

The scientific study of changes in children from conception to adolescence.

Psychoanalytic Theories

Theories proposed by Freud and Erikson focusing on the influence of early experiences on personality and psychosocial development.

Behaviorism

A theory that emphasizes observable behaviors and the ways they are learned through conditioning (Watson, Skinner, Bandura).

Cognitive Development

The theory by Piaget and Vygotsky that describes the process of thinking and understanding developing over stages.

Plasticity

The ability of development to change in response to experience.

Cohort

A group of individuals born around the same time.

Nature vs. Nurture

The debate regarding the influence of genetic inheritance (nature) versus environmental factors (nurture) on development.

Active vs. Passive Development

The question of whether children actively influence their own development or are shaped by external factors.

Continuous vs. Discontinuous Development

The distinction between gradual development and stage-based development.

Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21, leading to developmental delays and other health issues.

Teratogens

Environmental agents that can cause harm during prenatal development, such as drugs or alcohol.

APGAR Score

A quick assessment of a newborn's health status, evaluating Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

Cephalocaudal Development

Development that occurs from head to toe.

Proximodistal Development

Development that occurs from the center of the body outward.

Temperament

A child's innate personality traits, categorized as Easy, Difficult, or Slow-to-Warm-Up.

Goodness-of-Fit

The correlation between a parenting style and a child's temperament.

Authoritative Parenting Style

A parenting style characterized by high warmth and high control, leading to the best child outcomes.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Cognitive impairments and disabilities resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

SCaffolding

Support provided in an educational context, often linked to Vygotsky's theories, to help students achieve tasks within their Zone of Proximal Development.

SRY Gene

A gene that triggers the development of testes in males during fetal development.