Impacts of external forces on place

external forces

influences, pressures and organisations that originate outside a place’s border but impacts the place’s character or lived experience e.g. images or perceptions.

3 types of external force

government policy, multinational corporations, global institutions e.g. world bank

government policy

Regeneration schemes, tax breaks, or financial incentives that can attract businesses to places and stimulate a multiplier effect. E.g. New Islington, Park hill flats, apple factory in Ireland

multinational corporations example

2016, Tata Steel announced plans to close UK steel plants, leading to job losses and factories being converted into housing e.g. Port Talbot was dependent on the steel industry

global institutions example

world bank running 15 development programmes in Haiti aiding in post-earthquake reconstruction of homes and communities.