Fundamentals of Nursing: Lesson 3 Practice Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering nursing theories, infection control, the nursing process, vital signs, and fundamental clinical procedures based on lesson 3 notes.

Nutrire

A Latin word meaning to nourish or to nurture.

Nutrix

A Latin word meaning to suckle or to care for.

Wet nursing

The practice of breastfeeding the child of others.

Nursing as an Art

The aspect of nursing focused on caring for the sick and well in an individualized manner using specific skills.

Nursing as a Science

A body of abstract knowledge gained through scientific research to provide quality care and optimal health practices via logical analysis.

Florence Nightingale's Definition of Nursing

The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery.

Virginia Henderson's Definition of Nursing

Assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of activities contributing to health, recovery, or peaceful death that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.

Palliative Care

Care focused on providing a peaceful and dignified death.

American Nurses Association (1980) Definition

Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.

Nightingale's Theory

The first theory of nursing, described in the mid-1800s, based on the patient's environment.

Virginia Henderson's 14 Fundamental Needs

The specific components of care that a person requires to maintain independence and wholeness.

Unitary Human Beings Theory

A theory developed by Martha Rogers (1970) viewing humans as energy fields and promoting symphonic interaction between the environment and the person.

Self-Care Deficit Theory

A theory by Dorothea Orem (1980) focusing on nursing as a deliberate action to help persons who are wholly or partly dependent.

Adaptation Model

A theory by Sister Callista Roy (1976) describing nursing as a theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes a process of analysis and action for patient care.

Goal Attainment Theory

A theory by Imogene King (1971) where nurses and clients interact to communicate information, sets mutual goals, and agree on means to achieve them (Transaction).

Health Care Systems Model

A theory by Betty Neuman (1972) concerned with variables affecting an individual’s response to intra-, inter-, and extrapersonal stressors.

Psychodynamic Nursing Theory

A theory by Hildegard Peplau (1952) involving four phases: Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution.

Transcultural Care Theory

A theory by Madeleine Leininger (1978) also known as Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory.

Philosophy and Science of Nursing

A theory by Jean Watson (1979) emphasizing that the science of caring is complementary to the science of curing, with altruism as its highest attribute.

Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

A classification system developed by Faye Abdellah in 1960.

Helping Art of Clinical Nursing

A theory by Ernestine Wiedenbach (1964) defining nursing as an art based on goal-directed care by identifying and ministering to a "need for help."

Human to Human Relationship Model

A theory by Joyce Travelbee (1966) that defines empathy as sharing experience and sympathy as being "involved but incapacitated."

Theory of Care, Core, and Cure

A nursing model developed by Lydia Hall in the 1960s.

Four Conservation Principles

Principles developed by Myra Levine (1969): Conservation of Energy, Structural Integrity, Personal Integrity, and Social Integrity.

Theory of Human Becoming

A theory by Rosemary Rizzo Parse (1981) focusing on man as a "living unity."

Eudemonistic Model

A view of health focusing on maximizing a family's well-being and reaching one's full potential.

Suchman's Five Stages of Illness

The sequence consisting of: symptom experience, assumption of the sick role, medical care contact, dependent patient role, and recovery/rehabilitation.

PES Format

A format used for nursing diagnoses consisting of: Problem (NANDA diagnosis), Etiology (cause), and Symptoms (defining characteristics).

Effleurage

A massage technique involving long strokes (hagod).

Petrissage

A massage technique involving kneading (Pisil-pisil).

Tapotement

A massage technique involving cupping or percussion.

Airborne Precaution

Infection control for particles $< 5$ microns requiring a private negative pressure room and N95 masks for staff.

Droplet Precaution

Infection control for particles $> 5$ microns requiring a surgical mask, eye protection, and a distance of $3$ feet.

Nosocomial Infection

An infection acquired in a hospital, with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) being the most common.

Medical Asepsis

A clean technique focus on handwashing and maintaining cleanliness to inhibit microorganism growth.

Surgical Asepsis

A sterile technique where items are considered unsterile if they are out of vision, below waist level, or within the $1$-inch perimeter of a sterile field.

Gate Control Theory

A theory explaining that small fibers ($A-\delta$, $C$) open the gate to increase pain, while large fibers ($A-\beta$) close it.

Hypotonic Solutions

IV fluids with lower osmolality than body fluids that cause water to move into cells, making them swell.

Isotonic Solutions

IV fluids with a concentration similar to plasma ($0.9\%$) that do not cause fluid shifts into or out of cells.

Hypertonic Solutions

IV fluids with higher osmolality than body fluids that cause water to move out of cells, making them shrink.

NEX Measurement

The method for measuring NGT length: Nose to Earlobe to Xiphoid process.

Venturi Mask

The oxygen delivery equipment that provides the highest and most precise amount of oxygen.

Cushing’s Triad

A sign of increased intracranial pressure characterized by increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and decreased respiratory rate.

Biot’s Respiration

Ataxic breathing marked by irregular, unpredictable groups of shallow breaths followed by random apnea.

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A repeating cycle of crescendo (increasing depth/rate) and decrescendo (decreasing depth/rate) followed by apnea, often seen in heart failure.