Egypt

Old Kingdom

A period in ancient Egyptian history from around 2600 to 2200 BC, known for the construction of the pyramids.

Middle Kingdom

A period in ancient Egyptian history from around 2000 to 1600 BC, characterized by stability and cultural achievements.

New Kingdom

A period in ancient Egyptian history from around 1500 to 1050 BC, marked by expansion and powerful pharaohs.

Imhotep

The architect who developed the pyramid as a monumental construction and was later venerated like a god.

Saqqara

The site of the first Egyptian pyramidal tombs.

Khufu

An Egyptian pharaoh known for his huge pyramid, standing 480 ft high, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world.

Khefren

An Egyptian pharaoh who built one of the largest pyramids at Giza.

Akhetaten

The new capital founded by Akhenaten, associated with the 'Amarna Revolution' promoting a monotheistic religion based on the sun disc.

Hatshepsut

A famous queen of Egypt who ruled as a pharaoh and was depicted with male attributes in visual representations.

Thebes, Abydos, and Memphis

Important cities in ancient Egypt.

Hyksos

Warriors from the Near East who conquered Lower Egypt in the 18th century BC.

Ramses II

One of the most successful pharaohs and military leaders during the New Kingdom, reigning from 1279 to 1213 BC.

Battle of Kadesh

The first major battle where the armies of great kings (Egyptians and Hittites) fought directly against each other in 1275.

Rosetta Stone

A tri-lingual inscription that helped 19th-century scholars decipher Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.

Logograms

Signs that indicate a word through meaning.

Phonograms

Signs that indicate a word through sound.

Hieratic

Cursive writing derived from hieroglyphs used in manuscripts.

Demotic

The form of writing that took over in the 7th century BC, used for daily writing as opposed to religious texts.

Coptic

An alphabet that developed during the Christian era, used until the 12th century.