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121 Terms

1
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define a solution

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

2
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circle the letter that identifies a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution

3
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a. solvent

4
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b. solute

5
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c.solid

6
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d.ion

b. solute

7
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circle the letter that identifies the solvent in air.

8
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a. oxygen

9
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b.carbon dioxide

10
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c. nitrogen

11
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d. argon

a. oxygen

12
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the process in which an ionic compound seperates into ions as it dissolves is called _

dissociation

13
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the process in which particles dissolve by breaking apart and scattering is called

dispersion

14
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a _ is transferred from each HCL molecule to a water molecule when hydrogen Chloride gas dissolves in water

proton

15
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is the following statement true or false? dissolving by ionization is a physical change

false

16
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what physical properties of a solution can differ from those of its solute and solvent

17
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a._

18
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b. ___

19
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c. _

a. freezing point

20
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b. conductivity

21
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c. boiling point

22
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compare the conductivites of solid sodium chloride and salt water

sodium chloride is a poor conductor and saltwater is a good conductor

23
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circle the letters that identify what happens to water as it freezes

24
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a. the water molecules become more organized

25
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b. the water molecules become more disorganized

26
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c. the water molecules ionize

27
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d. the water molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal patern

b. the water molecules become more disorganized

28
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dissolving sodium hydroxide in water is an _ process, as it releases heat

exothermic

29
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dissolving ammonium nitrate in water is an process , as it absorbs heat

endothermic

30
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s the following sentence true or false? breaking the attractions among solute particles and the attractions among solvent particles releases energy.

false

31
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describe heat of solution

when energy is released or absorbed by the heat is the difference between energy required to break the solute particles

32
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how are rates of dissolving similar to rates of chemical reactions ?

because it includes surface area , stirring and tempertature

33
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why does powdered sugar dissolve in water faster than granulated sugar?

because the more greater the surface is the more collisions are going to happen

34
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heating a solvent the energy of its particles, making them move faster on average, and ___ the rate at which a solid solute can dissolve in the solvent

increases ; increases

35
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explain how stirring or shaking a mixture of powdered detergent and water can affect the rate of dissolving

it would dissolve fast because there would be collisions occurring

36
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define solubility

the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount at a constant temperature

37
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list the following solute in order from most soluble to least soluble in water: table sat,baking soda,table sugar

a. table sugar

38
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b. salt

39
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c. baking soda

40
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circle the letters that indentify how solutions can be classified based on solubility

41
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a. unsaturated

42
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b. desaturated

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c. saturated

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d. supersaturated

a. unsaturated

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c. saturated

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d. supersaturated

47
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supersaturated

goes way by the maximum amount

48
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saturated

reaches the maximum amount

49
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unsaturated

does not reach the maximum amount

50
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describe a saturated solution

is one that contains as much solute as the solvent can hold at a given temperature

51
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A solution that has less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved is called an

unsaturated solution

52
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is the following sentence true or false? it is impossible for a solution to contain more solute than the solvent can hold at a given temperature

false

53
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circle the letters of factors that affect the solubility of a solute

54
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a. polarity of the solvent

55
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b. amount of solvent

56
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c. pressure

57
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d. temperature

a. polarity of the solvent

58
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c. pressure

59
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d. temperature

60
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what is a common guideline for predicting solubility?

like dissolves like

61
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describe how soap cleans grease off your hands

soap has a nonpolar end which attracts the nonpolar grease. polarity

62
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pressure

is a force

63
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is the following statement true or false ? in general , the solubility of solids increases as the solvent temperatre increases

true

64
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in general, the solubility of gases decreases as the solvent temperature _

increases

65
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in general, the solubility of a gas increases as pressure

increases

66
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what does the concentration of a solution refer to

the concentration of a solution is the amount of a solute is dissolved in a given amount of solution

67
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circle the letters that identify ways to express the concentration of a solution.

68
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a. density

69
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b. percent by volume

70
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c. percent by mass

71
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d. molarity

b. percent by volume

72
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c. percent by mass

73
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d. molarity

74
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complete the equation

percent by volume = volume of solute/volume of solution* 100%

75
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percent by mass=

mass of solute/mass of solution *100%

76
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it this sentence true or false/ Molarity is the number of moles of a solvent per liter of solution

false

77
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how many grams of NaCl are needed to make 1.00 liter of a 3.00 M NaCl solution

174 g

78
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define an acid

an acid is a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissoled in water

79
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acetic acid

vinegar

80
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sulfuric acid

car batteries

81
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hydrochloric acid

digestive juices in stomach

82
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carbonic acid

carbonated beverages

83
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nitric acid

fertilizer production

84
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describe some general properties of acids

acids have sour taste,react with metals and turn blue litmus paper red

85
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red litmus paper is detemined for _

bases

86
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when the colors dont change their _

nuetural

87
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acid litmus paper

blue the turns to red

88
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the reaction between an acid and a metal can be classified as an

single replacement reaction

89
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explain why an indicator is useful

it allows you to classify a solution as a acid or a base

90
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define a base

a base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

91
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what can a gardener add to the soil to change the flowers of a hydrangea from pink to blue ?

acid

92
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circle the letter that describes how basic solutions generally taste

93
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a. sweet

94
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b. sour

95
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c. bitter

96
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d. salty

c. bitter

97
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is the following sentence true or false ? bases turn red litmus paper blue

true

98
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the reaction between an acid and a base is called

neutralization

99
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describe how a salt can be produced by a chemical reaction

during neutralization the negative ions from the acid combined with the positive ions from the base to produce a salt

100
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acids can be described as proton ; bases can be described as proton

donors and acceptors