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121 Terms

1
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define a solution
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
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circle the letter that identifies a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution
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a. solvent
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b. solute
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c.solid
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d.ion
b. solute
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circle the letter that identifies the solvent in air.
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a. oxygen
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b.carbon dioxide
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c. nitrogen
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d. argon
a. oxygen
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the process in which an ionic compound seperates into ions as it dissolves is called _____
dissociation
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the process in which particles dissolve by breaking apart and scattering is called
dispersion
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a _______ is transferred from each HCL molecule to a water molecule when hydrogen Chloride gas dissolves in water
proton
15
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is the following statement true or false? dissolving by ionization is a physical change
false
16
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what physical properties of a solution can differ from those of its solute and solvent
17
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a._______________
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b. _________________
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c. ___________________
a. freezing point
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b. conductivity
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c. boiling point
22
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compare the conductivites of solid sodium chloride and salt water
sodium chloride is a poor conductor and saltwater is a good conductor
23
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circle the letters that identify what happens to water as it freezes
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a. the water molecules become more organized
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b. the water molecules become more disorganized
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c. the water molecules ionize
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d. the water molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal patern
b. the water molecules become more disorganized
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dissolving sodium hydroxide in water is an _________ process, as it releases heat
exothermic
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dissolving ammonium nitrate in water is an ______________ process , as it absorbs heat
endothermic
30
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s the following sentence true or false? breaking the attractions among solute particles and the attractions among solvent particles releases energy.
false
31
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describe heat of solution
when energy is released or absorbed by the heat is the difference between energy required to break the solute particles
32
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how are rates of dissolving similar to rates of chemical reactions ?
because it includes surface area , stirring and tempertature
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why does powdered sugar dissolve in water faster than granulated sugar?
because the more greater the surface is the more collisions are going to happen
34
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heating a solvent ____________ the energy of its particles, making them move faster on average, and _______________ the rate at which a solid solute can dissolve in the solvent
increases ; increases
35
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explain how stirring or shaking a mixture of powdered detergent and water can affect the rate of dissolving
it would dissolve fast because there would be collisions occurring
36
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define solubility
the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount at a constant temperature
37
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list the following solute in order from most soluble to least soluble in water: table sat,baking soda,table sugar
a. table sugar
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b. salt
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c. baking soda
40
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circle the letters that indentify how solutions can be classified based on solubility
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a. unsaturated
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b. desaturated
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c. saturated
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d. supersaturated
a. unsaturated
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c. saturated
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d. supersaturated
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supersaturated
goes way by the maximum amount
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saturated
reaches the maximum amount
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unsaturated
does not reach the maximum amount
50
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describe a saturated solution
is one that contains as much solute as the solvent can hold at a given temperature
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A solution that has less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved is called an __________________________________
unsaturated solution
52
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is the following sentence true or false? it is impossible for a solution to contain more solute than the solvent can hold at a given temperature
false
53
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circle the letters of factors that affect the solubility of a solute
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a. polarity of the solvent
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b. amount of solvent
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c. pressure
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d. temperature
a. polarity of the solvent
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c. pressure
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d. temperature
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what is a common guideline for predicting solubility?
like dissolves like
61
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describe how soap cleans grease off your hands
soap has a nonpolar end which attracts the nonpolar grease. polarity
62
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pressure
is a force
63
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is the following statement true or false ? in general , the solubility of solids increases as the solvent temperatre increases
true
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in general, the solubility of gases decreases as the solvent temperature _____________
increases
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in general, the solubility of a gas increases as pressure ____________________
increases
66
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what does the concentration of a solution refer to
the concentration of a solution is the amount of a solute is dissolved in a given amount of solution
67
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circle the letters that identify ways to express the concentration of a solution.
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a. density
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b. percent by volume
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c. percent by mass
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d. molarity
b. percent by volume
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c. percent by mass
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d. molarity
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complete the equation
percent by volume = volume of solute/volume of solution* 100%
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percent by mass=
mass of solute/mass of solution *100%
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it this sentence true or false/ Molarity is the number of moles of a solvent per liter of solution
false
77
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how many grams of NaCl are needed to make 1.00 liter of a 3.00 M NaCl solution
174 g
78
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define an acid
an acid is a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissoled in water
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acetic acid
vinegar
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sulfuric acid
car batteries
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hydrochloric acid
digestive juices in stomach
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carbonic acid
carbonated beverages
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nitric acid
fertilizer production
84
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describe some general properties of acids
acids have sour taste,react with metals and turn blue litmus paper red
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red litmus paper is detemined for _______
bases
86
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when the colors dont change their _______
nuetural
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acid litmus paper
blue the turns to red
88
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the reaction between an acid and a metal can be classified as an
single replacement reaction
89
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explain why an indicator is useful
it allows you to classify a solution as a acid or a base
90
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define a base
a base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
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what can a gardener add to the soil to change the flowers of a hydrangea from pink to blue ?
acid
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circle the letter that describes how basic solutions generally taste
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a. sweet
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b. sour
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c. bitter
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d. salty
c. bitter
97
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is the following sentence true or false ? bases turn red litmus paper blue
true
98
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the reaction between an acid and a base is called
neutralization
99
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describe how a salt can be produced by a chemical reaction
during neutralization the negative ions from the acid combined with the positive ions from the base to produce a salt
100
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acids can be described as proton ________ ; bases can be described as proton ______________
donors and acceptors