3.3 infancy II

Temperament

individual behavioral style and characteristics emotional responses, foundation for adult personality

Chess and Thomas types of temperament in children

difficult, slow to warm up, and easy

Easy children

easily establish routines, adaptable to schedule changes and new experience, fairly happy, 40% of children in experiment

Difficult children

hard to put in schedule, unpredictable in mood, do not adapt well, react negatively, cry extensively and frequently, 10% of children in experiment

Slow to warm up children

inactive overall, may appear as difficult but can adjust slowly and improve mood, not consistent positive moods, 15% of children in experiment

Attachment

close emotional bond

John bowlby

crucial for infants to develop close bonds w/ caregiver within first year of life, failure results in serious emotional consequences

Separation anxiety

peaks in infancy between age 6 to 24 months, crying in search of parent reaching towards parent (attachment behavior) before 6 months no strong bond

Mary Ainsworth

experiments that measure infant attachment, secure attachment means appropriately responsive parents

Jerome kagen

Nature rather than nurture temperament and genetics big

Infant changes schema to fit new experience

Accommodation

Newborn uses reflexes like sucking and grasping

Simple Reflexes

Infant experiments by dropping spoon repeatedly from high chair

tertiary circular reactions

Infant cries when toy is hidden and doesn't search for it

Lacks Object Permanence

Using current knowledge to interpret new experience

assimilation

Infant changes schema to fit new experience

Accommodation

Infant begins to coordinate multiple actions to achieve a goal

coordination of secondary circular reaction