Unit 3 IB History Exam

Report on the Public

A plan created by Alexander Hamilton to deal with America’s debt. He wanted to pay bondholders, Assume State Debts, and create the Bank of the U.S.

Utopian Communities

Shakers believed in community but not marriage

Education Reform

Horace Mann promoted the public school system and teacher training

• Good public schools=social stability and equal opportunity

Temperance

Movement to ban alcohol

Focused on suffering of women and children

Women’s Rights

Stanton and Mott issues a “Declaration of Sentiments” and called for women’s suffrage

Seneca Falls Convention

Abolitionism

• Douglass, Truth, and Garrison

• Garrison called for immediate emancipation and colorblind equality

Manifest Destiny

The belief that it was Gods plan that the U.S. expand to the Pacific

Oregon Trail

Many families travel to west coast

Disease, attacks, and exposure killed many

Donner Party

Donner Party

A group of settlers tried to take a shout cut and got caught in a blizzard

13 died and eaten by survivors

Texas Revolution

Mexico invited Americans to settle Texas, but more arrive than intended

Santa Anna becomes dictator; Texans and others rebel

Texans defeated at the Alamo but win at Battle of San Jancinto

Treaty of Velasco makes Rio Grande the border between Mexico and Texas

The Alamo

• 189 Texans occupy a small mission in San Antonio called the Alamo

• Santa Anna assaults, kills all the defenders, and burns the bodies

• The Alamo becomes a legendary “last stand”

Battle of San Jacinto

At San Jacinto, Sam Houston surprises Santa Anna and routs his army

Santa Anna is captured and agrees to Treaty of Velasco

Treaty of Velasco

Texas gets independence

Border is Rio Grande

Mexico refuses to acknowledge this treaty

Mexican American War

• US annexes Texas. Mexico reuses American offer of o purchase of Southwest

• President Polk wants war

• Mexican Army crosses Rio Grande and attacks

• Winfield Scott’s army captures Mexico City

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends war Mexican Cession means U.S. gains territory, but will it be free of slave

Northern Whigs opposed war

They feared the spread of slavery to the est

Winfield Scott and End of the War

• Mexico still refused negotiation

• US general Scott landed at Veracruz and marched to Mexico City

• US outfought Santa Anna and captured capital

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

-Mexico gave up claim of Texas north of Rio Grande

-Mexico sold New Mexico and California

Compromise of 1850

• California is a free state

• Stronger fugitive slave law

Fugitive Slave Act

• Alleged fugitives denied jury trial

• Made Northerners mad

• Northerners required by law to assist in enforcement; violated faced imprisonment.

Harriet Tubman

Most famous conductor on RR, made many trips South

The Underground Railroad

Abolitionists network helped the enslaved escape to the North and Canada

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Novel by Harriet Stowe

• Personalized slavery for many northerners

• Made it moral issue not political

Kanas-Nebraska Act

• Missouri Compromise line repealed

• Allows popular sovereignty

Popular Sovereignty

Voters in each territory could decide if slavery would be allowed

Republican Party created

A new part forms to oppose the expansion of slavery

Bleeding Kanas

Fighting breaks out between pro and anti slave forces in KS after they form rival governments

Dread Scott v. Sanford

Decisions allows slavery to spread west

When his master died, Scott sued for his freedom (free territory = freedom)

Supreme Court ruled against him

1. Blacks cant sue cause they aren’t citizens

2. Free territories cant deprive citizens of property

Harper Ferry

John Brown tried to take over federal arsenal to get guns and starts a slave revolt

1860 Election

Democratic Party finally splits over slavery

Lincoln is the Republican candidate

Deep South refuses to accept a Republican president

South Carolina secedes first

The Anaconda Plan

Winfield Scott’s plan to defeat the Confederacy

The Battle that divided the South in half

The battle of Vicksburg ended with the Union controlled in the Mississippi River

This event ended Reconstruction

The Compromise of 1877

Washington’s first Secretary of State

Thomas Jefferson was the first Secretary of State

Washington’s first Secretary of the Treasury

Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury

Who believed in a strong, central government

Alexander Hamilton wanted a strong, central power

Who wanted a decentralized government

Thomas Jefferson wanted a decentralized power and stronger state governments

Who wanted a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Jefferson wanted strict construction, because it would limit the power of the national government

Who opposed the creation of a national bank and tariffs

Jefferson opposed a national bank because he thought it would give the national government too much power

Who led Mexicos armies against Texas and the U.S.

Santa Anna

What was Reconstruction

The period following the Civil Wad was known as Reconstruction

The most shocking act of violence in the history of the Senate

Preston Brooks beating Charles Sumner with a cane

Who wrote Uncle Tom Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Why was Uncle Tom’s Cabin important

It made slavery more personal and real for Northerners

What did working class Irishmen do when Lincoln started constriction

Started the New York City Draft Riot

The Civil War ended here

Appomattox

What did the 54th Massachusetts prove about black soldiers

The 54th proved that black soldiers could fight with courage and valor

The leader of the Radical Republicans

Thaddeus Steven’s led the Radical Republicans

What was Steven’s goal?

Wanted to make the South look more like North

The greatest cause of death during the Civil War

Disease

Was denied freedom by the Supreme Court even though his master brought him into free territory

Dred Scott

What did the Dred Scott v. Sandford say about slavery in the territories

The Dred Scott decisions said that slavery could not be restricted in the territories

What organization was set up after the Civil War to help freed slaves and poor whites

Freedman’s Bureau

Why did the Fugitive Slave Act cause conflict

Northerners forced to catch runaway slaves

States cannot tax the national government

McCulloch v. Maryland

Led most famous slave revolt in US History

Nat Turner

Famous textile factory in Massachusetts

This allowed goods to travel from the Great Lakes to NYC

Erie Canal

Separate Spheres

Women’s place is in home, men’s is outside

What allowed citizens in a territory to vote about slavery

Popular sovereignty

Carpetbagger

A Northern Republican who moved to the South after the Civil War

10% plan to bring back Southern States quickly

Abraham Lincoln

American System

2nd National Bank, internal improvements, protective tariff

This compromise allowed California to enter as a free state

Compromise of 1850

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do

Allowed recruitment uniots like the 54th Massachusetts

Worcester vs. Georgia

The Supreme Court defended the Cherokee; denied the court

Black Codes

Were restrictive laws that limited the movement and right of freedmen after the Civil War

Who attacked Harper’s Ferry

John Brown attacked Harper’s Ferry to start a slave revolt

How did Southerners react to John Brown’s raid

They thought Northerners and Republicans approved, and would start other revolts.

Who led the Confederate army in Virginia

Robert E. Lee

Border State

A slave state tat stayed loyal to the Union

Ulysses S. Grant

Commanded the Union army at Vicksburg, and commanded the entire army

Scalawags

Souther whites who supported Reconstruction

Why was Gettysburg important

Lee lost much of his army and never invaded the North again

Who was first president one impeached

Andrew Jackson

Bleeding Kanas

Th fighting between pro and anti slavery setters in Kanas

Kanas Nebraska Act

Allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide on slavery by popular sovereignty; it also repealed the Missouri Compromise

Why was control of New Orleans so important

It allowed western farmers to transport their goods on the Mississippi

Why did some Southerners disagree with the Missouri compromise

They believes slavers were property, so Congress had no right to restrict them

How did Mexica War affect the U.S.

We gained territory, but the issue of slavery in the new territories led to conflict

William Lloyd Garrison

Was an abolitionist who wanted immediate emancipation

Hamilton argue for the national bank

Hamilton used the “Necessary and proper” clause to justify the National Bank

Why did Hamilton want a national bank

It would secure the economy of the U.S.

What did Hamilton have to give the South to their support for the national bank

He offered them the new capital

Who believed that the educated, urban elite should rule

Hamilton did not trust the masses of uneducated people to uphold democracy

What did Hamilton and Jefferson arguments lead to?

The first American political parties were born out of the arguments between Hamilton and Jefferson

Why did Americans move to Texas

Mexico offered them lan

Pay Bondholders

Pay face value of bonds. Good for bankers, but bad for veterans who already sold bonds.

Assume State Debts

Feds assume state debts to create one national debt. South hates this. Why pay taxes to fund debts of northern states?

Bank of the U.S.

Manage debt and currency, stabilize economy. Jefferson did not like this because he believed it went against the Constitution. Hamilton cites Necessary and Proper clause to defend it.

Washington’s administration

Washington establishes his first precedent by romping a cabinet of advisors

First Cabinet

Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson, strength in the South and West. Wanted an Agrarian economy. Believed in strict construction. Wanted good relations with France due to values.

Secretary of treasury: Alexander Hamilton. Wanted a diverse economy, believed in loose construction, wanted better relations with Great Britain due to trade.

Federalists

Led by Alexander Hamilton. Sec. Of Treasury. Strength in New England. Wanted a diverse economy, believed in loose construction. Wanted better relations with Great Britain due to trade.

Democratic-Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson (Sec of State) foreign affairs, strength in the South and West. Wanted an agrarian economy. Believed in strict construction. Wanted good relations with France due to values.

Strict Construction

Feds can only do what is written in the Constitution and limits power

Loose Construction (interpretation)

Feds have power unless the Constitution expressly forbids it and expand power.

Tariff

Tax on imported goods. Most of our goods came from the British. Encouraged Americans to buy American goods.