Information and Communication Technology Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering key ICT terms, devices, web evolutions, and field applications drawn from the lecture notes.

Information

Specific data acquired for a particular purpose.

Communication

The imparting and exchanging of information or news.

Technology

Systematic application of skills or art for practical purposes.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Umbrella term for devices, applications, and systems used to transmit, process, and store information.

Computer

An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data.

Computer Hardware

The physical components of a computer system.

Peripheral Device

External equipment used to input, output, or store data for a computer.

Input Device

Hardware that enters data into a computer, e.g., mouse, keyboard, microphone.

Output Device

Hardware that conveys processed data to the user, e.g., monitor, printer, speakers.

Storage Device

Hardware that saves digital data, e.g., hard drive, flash drive, memory card.

Computer Software

Organized collections of data and instructions that direct computer operations.

Operating System

Software that manages hardware resources and provides common services for programs (e.g., Windows, macOS, Android).

Application Software

Programs used by end-users to perform specific tasks, such as word processors or web browsers.

Program (Computer Program)

A list of instructions that tells a computer what to do.

ENIAC

The first fully functional electronic digital computer, built to calculate artillery tables.

Web 1.0

Early ‘read-only’ static web with one-way communication.

Web 2.0

Dynamic, ‘read-write’ web enabling two-way interaction (e.g., comment sections).

Folksonomy

User-generated system of tagging and categorizing online content with chosen keywords.

World Wide Web (WWW)

Linked collection of web pages accessible via a browser.

Tim Berners-Lee

Inventor of the World Wide Web.

Web 3.0

Third-generation web emphasizing AI, 3D graphics, ubiquitous connectivity, and open identity.

Artificial Intelligence (Web 3.0)

Technologies like natural language processing and machine learning used to make the web smarter.

3D Graphics

Three-dimensional visual content used in games, museums, e-commerce, and more.

Ubiquitous Connectivity

Web content accessible on any device or application, anywhere.

Open Identity

Single sign-on approach allowing one login for multiple unrelated websites.

E-commerce

Buying and selling goods or services online, including online shopping and internet banking.

Telemedicine

Remote clinical services delivered via ICT, such as online consultations.

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

Digitally stored patient health information accessible to authorized providers.

Digital Prototyping

Using software to build and test virtual product models before manufacturing.

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

3D modeling process that integrates architectural, engineering, and construction data into one system.