PM assignment 5 questions

4 recommendations for reducing radiation doses to children who need to undergo radiographic imaging using digital radiography

1. measure patient thickness for “child size” technique

2. avoid using grids for body parts less than 10-12 cm thick

3. x-ray only the indicated area with proper collimation and shielding

4. check exposure indicators and image quality

neonate

newborn baby or infant up to 1 month

• 0-28 days

infant

newborn or child under age of 1

• 1-12 months

toddler

young child learning to walk

• 1-3 years

preschooler

a child not old enough to attend kindergarten

• 3-6 years

school age

old enough to attend school

• 6-12 years

adolescent

period of life beginning at puberty and ending with physical maturity

• 12-19 years

3 recommnended methods when talking to children during radiographic procedures

• talk at eye level

• soft tone of voice/clear simple words

• explain exam

• remain at comfortable distance

whats the basic important practice to reduce the risk of transmission with high risk newborn infant populations?

hand hygiene

when is it safe to keep crib rails in a half-raised position

never

how can a sheet be used as an immobilization device for infant

bunny/mummy wrap technique

define child abuse

any act of omission or commission that endangers or impairs a child’s physical or emotional health and development

who is most likely the abuser with child abuse

• parent

• stepparent

• or other caretaker

• someone child knows

what are the 3 subcategories for elder abuse

1. domestic

2. institutional

3. self neglect

hot spots in nuc med

areas where the isotope accumulates

• dark spots

cold spots in nuc med

areas with decreased uptake of radionuclide may indicate circulatory impairment and is a cold spot

• light spots

for which people are MRI exams contraindicated?

• ppl with metallic implants (internal pacemaker, surgical clips, cochlear implants, etc)

• pregnant women

• patients on life support or infusion pumps (critically ill bc of monitoring equipment)

• implanted insulin pump

• etc..

arrhythmia

loss of rhythm; an irregularity in heartbeat

depolarization

process by which cardiac muscle cells change from a more negatively charged to a more positively charged intracellular state

repolarization

cardiac muscle cells return to a more negatively charged intracellular condition

myocardial ischemia

insufficient oxygenation of the tissues of the heart muscles

what is the dominant pacemaker of the heart? how many impulses?

SA node; 60-100 beats(impulses)/min

P wave

contraction of atria (atrial depolarization)

QRS complex

contraction of the ventricles

ST segment

cell membrane is neural in electrical charge

U wave

repolarization of the purkinjie fibers