Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics

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population

the set of all individuals of interest in a particular study

sample

a set of individuals selected from a population - intended to represent the pop

statistic

a # that describes a sample; derived from measurements of individuals in a sample

parameter

a # that describes a population

descriptive statistics

summarize, organize, simplify data

inferential statistics

make generalizations about the population

sampling error

the discrepancy that exists between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter

the correlational method

one group of participants, measurement of 2 variables for each participant, goal is to describe type and magnitude of relationship

experimental method

comparing 2 or more groups of a variable, goal = demonstrate a cause-effect variable

constructs

internal attributes or characteristics that can't be directly observed

operational definitions

identifies the set of operations required to measure an external behavior

discrete variable

has separate, indivisible categories; no values can exist b/w 2 neighboring categories (whole #s)

continuous variable

infinite # of possible values b/w any 2 observed values, every interval is divisible into an infinite # of equal parts