GI Path: Pancreatobilary Tract
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13 Terms
Risk factors for cholesterol gallstones
Female sex, obesity, metabolic syndrome, pregnancy/OCPs, rapid weight loss, Native American ethnicity, bile stasis.
Risk factors for pigment stones
Chronic hemolysis, biliary infection, Crohn disease, Asian ethnicity.
Cholesterol stones vs pigment stones
Cholesterol stones = radiolucent, common in West
Chronic cholecystitis pathogenesis
Repeated inflammation from gallstones → fibrosis + Rokitansky‑Aschoff sinuses.
Chronic cholecystitis complications
Porcelain gallbladder (calcification), increased risk of gallbladder carcinoma.
Acute pancreatitis pathogenesis
Premature activation of trypsin → autodigestion → fat necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammation.
Acute pancreatitis clinical features
Severe epigastric pain radiating to back, nausea/vomiting, elevated lipase/amylase, hypocalcemia from fat saponification.
Chronic pancreatitis causes
Alcohol (most common), long‑standing obstruction, cystic fibrosis, autoimmune IgG4 disease.
Chronic pancreatitis pathology
Fibrosis, acinar atrophy, dystrophic calcifications
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk factors
Smoking, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, high‑fat diet, age >60.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma clinical features
Weight loss, painless jaundice, pale stools, pruritus, migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau sign).
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor marker
CA 19‑9 elevated.
Trousseau syndrome
Paraneoplastic hypercoagulability causing migratory thrombosis»early sign of gastric and pancreatic CA
