CHEM 1211 Section 4.1 (Chemical Bonds and Greenhouse Gases

valence

the capacity of atoms of a particular element to form chemical bonds

valency

Some elements exhibit more than one _______ because they form different numbers of chemical bonds.

Electrostatic Potential Energy (E_el)

the strength of electrostatic attractions between ions of opposite charges

Coulombic Attraction

another term for electrostatic potential energy

directly

The value of E_el between a pair of ions is________ proportional to the product of their charges (Q1 and Q2)

inversely

The value of E_el between a pair of ions is _________ proportional to the distance (d) between their nuclei

Coulomb

the SI unit of electrical charge

repel

Two ions of the same charge _____ each other.

positive

When two positive or two negative ions repel each other, a ________ E_el is created.

negative

When a negative ion and a positive ion attract each other, a ________ E_el is created.

greater

The _______ the attraction between ions, the more negative the E_el value is.

Avogadro Constant

6.022×10²³

Metals

shiny, solid conductors that are malleable and ductile

Nonmetals

brittle solids, liquids and gases that are nonconductors

Metalloids

Shiny but brittle

Ionic Bond

A bond that includes metals with nonmetals. Electrons are transferred

Covalent Bond

A bond that includes nonmetals with nonmetals (and/or metalloids). Electrons are shared

Metallic Bonds

A bond that includes only metals. Electrons are delocalized