Tsarist Russia Revolution

Who succeeded Alexander 111?

Nicholas 11.

What was Nicholas 11 main issue?

He had very little experience in government.

What did Nicholas 11 encourage?

Russian expansion in Manchuria.

What year was the Russo-Japanese war?

1904.

What did Russian defeat lead to?

Riots.

What year was Bloody Sunday?

1905.

As opposition grew what was Nicholas forced to grant?

A constitution.

After he was forced to grant a constitution, what was established?

The Duma.

What was the Duma?

Russian Parliament

During ww1 in 1914, what did Nicholas decide?

He would be head of the army.

What was the main consequence of Nicholas deciding he would be head of the army?

Military failure was associated with him.

What did huge loss in the war lead to?

High inflation and severe food shortages.

When Nicholas 11 lost the support of the army what was he forced to do?

Abdicate.

After Nicholas 11 abdicated, what kind of government was established.

A provisional government.

In what year did Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government?

October 1917.

What kind of rule did Nicholas 11 hold?

Autocrat.

What does autocracy mean?

Full power.

Who planned the July Offensive?

Alex Kerensky.

What happened in the July Days?

It was suppressed by loyal troops.

What did the Tsar rule through?

Repression.

How did the Tsar gain control?

Through repression.

Repression

Persecution of particular groups of people for political reasons.

What was Stolypin's necktie

hangman's noose

ww1 acted as a what, in terms of Tsar loosing support?

Catalyst

Russia could have been described as?

Oppressive.

What did the Tsar publish on the 17th of October 1905.

October Manifesto.

How many Dumas were there in total?

4.

Who was Pyotr Stolypin?

He was Russian prime minister 1906 to 1911.

What 3 principles made up Tsarist rule?

Autocracy, Nationality and Orthodoxy.

What issues did the Russian government have?

Size and diversity made it hard to govern and it lacked communication.

What was the role of the army?

To Suppress disturbances and revolts.

Who focused on industrial reform?

Witte

Who focused on industrial and agricultural reform?

Stolypin

What did Stolypin do with the peasants?

Appeased them

What year was the Russo-Japanese war?

1904

The Russo- Japanese war was a...

Catalyst to the 1905 revolution.

Why did Nicholas confidently go into war?

He was adamant of Russian victory.

What was Russia at the time of the Russo-Japanese war?

Third biggest superpower in the world.

For Russia, the Russo-Japanese war was a complete and utter...

Humiliation

Humiliation turned to...

Anger.

What year was bloody sunday?

1905

Father Gapon marched to...

Winter Palace, St petesburg.

Who was protesting during Bloody Sunday?

Urban workers.

The urban workers were protesting against...

- Poor working conditions.

- Low pay.

- long working hours.

- Disease.

Bloody Sunday was a...

Spark to the 1905 revolution.

Bloody Sunday broke the bond between

The Tsar and his people.

The 1905 revolution consisted of...

General strikes, uprisings and riots.

Who were the black hundreds?

Right wing conservative group.

What did the black hundreds do.

Put down anyone who opposed the Tsar and government.

The October manifesto gave people more

freedom

The 3 rs.

Reform, repression and revolution

The October manifesto was a turning point for Russia because

It targeted people who wanted democracy.

What treaty was signed as a results of the Russo-Japanese war?

The Treaty of Portsmouth

Why was the treaty of Portsmouth significant

It allowed the Russian army to regain control.

Right wing

conservative

left-wing

liberal and socialist

The opposition had different aims and beliefs meaning that

the 1905 revolution could be seen as a failure

Many workers wanted better wages and were more concerned about living standards than

ideology

What percentage of the population did peasants make up?

82

Nicholas repressed the people making him very

unpopular

Japan had a stronger

navy, army and intelligence

In 1893 Witte was appointed as what role?

minister of finance

Witte devalued Russia's currency to promote what?

International trade and high tariffs.

Witte helped to...

Stimulate Russia's industrial growth

Witte believed there was a need for what, as well as economic reform?

Political reform.

Nicholas asked Witte to solve what in 1905.

Industrial unrest after bloody Sunday.

"If the tsar government falls"

"You will see absolute chaos in Russia"

Witte helped developed the...

Trans Siberian railway

Witte also signed and created the...

October manifesto

1905 a railway strike paralysed...

Russian rail network

What programme did Witte advise the tsar to offer?

Political reform programme.

Witte was instrumental in...

driving industrialisation

Stolypin was the Prime Minister between what years?

1906 - 1911

Stolypin was a strong supporter of ...

Autocracy.

Stolypin gave his attention to...

Agriculture

Stolypin's 2 main focus's where?

Food and peasants.

Stolypin saw the duma as...

essential to building a strong Russia.

Stolypin wanted to make local government more...

democratic.

Right-wing views on Stolypin?

Said he was undermining autocracy.

Left-wing views on Stolypin?

Supported him and condemned him.

Stolypin was the first effective governor to use police methods against who?

those who caused trouble.

Witte was a westerner or Slavophile?

Westerner.

Stolypin was a westerner or slavophile?

Slavophile.

Witte negotiated loans from...

France

Stolypins policy

- land banks

- Article 87

- Resettlement schemes

What was article 87?

Allowed Stolypin to pass laws without the duma.

Years of the first Duma?

April-June 1906

Dates for the second Duma?

February- June 1907.

Dates for the third Duma?

November 1907 - June 1912.

Dates for fourth duma?

November 1912 - August 1914.

Which Duma was the most successful?

3

Wager on the

Strong

Why did the Tsar dislike the Dumas?

It went against his autocracy

What year was the Lena Goldfield massacre?

1912.

How long was the average working day?

16 hours.

How many strikes happened after the Lena Goldfields massacre, across Russia?

1000.

How many people striked across Russia after the massacre?

750,000

How many people died in the Lena goldfield massacre?

250

What should the duma be representative of?

The people.

By 1914 Russia was the 4th largest producer of...

Coal, pig iron and steel.