Chapter 11-12 Study Prompts

Can you describe the interactions of skeletal muscles?

They can work together (adding forces) or opposite to undo each other's movements. They also can only ever pull on bones, they cannot push. They pull in a way that the insertion will move towards the origin.

List the functional groups of skeletal muscles?

1. Primer mover

2. Antagonist

3. synergist

4. fixators

Can you describe the various ways that skeletal muscles are named?

1. Location: where it is on the body

2. Shape

3. Size: maixumus/minimus, longus/brevis are examples

4. Direction of the fibers: transversus, oblique, rectus...

5. Number of origins: how many heads form the muscles origin

6. Location of the attachments

8. Action the muscle will perform

9. Any combination of the above

Circular (describe the fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles)

usually a round muscle with fibers in a circular pattern

Can you list and describe the three components to a lever system?

1. Lever: bar that rotates around a point (fulcrum): our bones

2. Fulcrum: point in which the lever rotates about: our joints

3. Force:

   1. Effort: force that provides the movement- our muscles

   2. Load: mass being moved- our body mass and potentially an external object

Prime Mover (agonist) (describe the functional groups of skeletal muscles?)

provides the most force for a particular action

Antagonist (describe the functional groups of skeletal muscles?)

opposes or reverses a particular action

Synergists (describe the functional groups of skeletal muscles?)

muscle that are "on", or contracting, together. Help prime movers or reduce undesirable movements.

Fixators (describe the functional groups of skeletal muscles?)

synergists that immobilize a bone

Convergent (describe the fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles)

fibers start at a broad origin and run to a common point

Parallel (describe the fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles)

fibers start at a broad origin and run to a common point

Fusiform (describe the fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles)

fibers running in the same direction along a long muscle with a thicker middle portion

Pinnate (describe the fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles)

obliquely running fibers. Uni- one set; Bi- two sets; Multi- three or more sets

Can you list the name, location, group name if applicable, origin and insertion (for the ones for which you are responsible- see your lab supplement) and action for all of the skeletal muscles in the body that you are responsible for (again, see lab supplement)?

see your yellow lab sheets and tables in your book/lab manual. You are only responsible for the level of detail in the yellow sheets! Making flash cards is good for this chapter. Put the name of the muscle on one side and the action, origin, and insertion (to the level of your yellow sheets!) on the other.