Causes and Impact of the Protestant Reformation

What were some short-term causes of the Protestant Reformation?

The selling of indulgences and corrupt priests focused on money and power.

What were some long-term causes of the Protestant Reformation?

The Church's increasing involvement in politics and the rise of individual thought due to the Renaissance and humanism.

What practice did Martin Luther criticize regarding the selling of indulgences?

He believed it was wrong to pay money to escape punishment for sin, as it was not supported by the Bible.

What was Luther's stance on Church traditions not found in Scripture?

He believed that only the Bible should be the source of faith (sola scriptura).

Who was Johann Tetzel and why was Luther critical of him?

Tetzel was a German priest raising funds for the Vatican's projects, and Luther criticized his methods of selling indulgences.

When did Martin Luther nail the 95 Theses to the Church doors?

On October 31 in Wittenberg, Germany.

What invention helped spread Luther's ideas throughout Europe?

The printing press.

What two methods did Luther use to make his writings accessible to the average German?

He translated the Bible into German and wrote pamphlets in plain language.

How many sacraments do Protestants celebrate, and which ones are they?

Protestants celebrate 2 sacraments: Baptism and the Eucharist.

Who called for Luther's arrest in a Papal Bull?

Pope Leo X.

Who protected Luther from capture and placed him under house arrest?

Prince Frederick the Wise.

What was the outcome of Luther's house arrest?

He was safe from the Pope, continued to write, and translated the Bible into German, spreading his ideas further.

What is predestination and its significance in the Protestant Reformation?

The belief that God knows who will be saved, challenging the Catholic view that good works lead to salvation.

What was the English Act of Supremacy and its impact?

It made King Henry VIII the head of the Church of England, starting the English Reformation and separating England from the Catholic Church.

What is the difference between consubstantiation and transubstantiation?

Consubstantiation (Lutheran) means Christ's body and blood are present with the bread and wine, while transubstantiation (Catholic) means they become the body and blood completely.

How did the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation become political issues?

Kings and princes chose sides, some supporting Luther to avoid papal authority, leading to the Council of Trent and a connection between religion and politics.

What was the Council of Trent's purpose?

To address problems within the Church and defend traditional Catholic teachings during the Counter-Reformation.

what are the seven sacraments of the catholic church

Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony

What was the Reformation

A 16th-century movement to reform the Catholic Church that led to the creation of Protestant churches.

What was the Counter-Reformation?

A: The Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, aiming to reform itself and stop the spread of Protestantism.